266 
ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 
the superior maxillary bone; the former has also a connexion 
with the inferior turbinated bone: these borders are both denticu¬ 
lated. 
Extremities. — The posterior ov orbital is expanded, and is 
received between the frontal and ethmoid bones : the anterior ex¬ 
tremity is narrow, incurvated upwards, and joins its fellow. 
Particularities. —The styloid processes, or rather epiphyses, 
are rarely preserved disunited and entire after maceration, owing 
to the late period at which they continue to be ligamentous at their 
roots, as also to the length, slenderness, and consequent fran- 
gibleness of them. 
Connexion. —With the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid; and 
with the superior maxillary, inferior turbinated bones, and vomer. 
THE TURBINATED BONES, SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR. 
(ossa TURBINATA, SUPERIORA ET INFERIORA.) 
Situation. —Within the chambers of the nose, attached to the 
outer walls ; the superior, above ; the inferior, below. 
Form. —Oblong, thin, foliated, convoluted, cavernous. 
Division. —Into external and internal surfaces; superior and 
inferior extremities. 
Surfaces. —Porous. The external is convex; and presents 
series of longitudinal grooves, disposed in an arborescent manner, 
.which mark the ramifications of very small blood-vessels. In 
consequence of the bone being rolled up or twisted round itself 
after the fashion of a turban, the outward superficies becomes ex¬ 
tensive, although it diminishes in breadth beyond the exterior, in 
•consequence of the internal convolution being, in course, smaller 
than the external. The interjial surface^ or opposite side, is con¬ 
cave, and, like the former, necessarily diminishes as it proceeds 
rinward. The interior itself is cavernous, or rather cellular, being 
unequally divided by transverse septa into several little sinuses or 
cells,* communicating through small apertures one with another, 
and through the intervals between the convolutions, with the 
middle nasal meatus. 
Extremities. — The posterior or are broad; their 
interior is capacious, and open superiorly; and they communicate 
with the sinuses immediately behind them. The anterior or api- 
form extremities are contracted and closed; and give origin, in 
the recent subject, to two cartilaginous productions, which project 
into the chambers of the nose. 
Particularities. —These bones are four in number: two supe¬ 
rior, and two inferior. They are thin, and porous or spongy in 
their texture; brittle, and yet possessing sufficient elasticity to 
