308 
ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 
the tiisksy commonly nearer by about one-third to the comer in¬ 
cisive than to the first molar teeth. The symphysis of the superior 
maxilla continued in a line from the palatine suture ; pierced by the 
lower opening of the foramen incisivumy which is situated at the 
roots of the anterior palatine processes, and gives passage to the 
palato-maxillary arteries. The anterior maxillary surface is vaulted 
in front, to extend the superficies of the palate. In conclusion, we 
have the inferior alveolar processesy alveolar cavitiesy and inferior 
surfaces ^,nd faces of the incisive teeth, 
EACH LATERAL SURFACE INCLUDES— 
1. The lateral cranial region, which is bounded, pos¬ 
teriorly, by the occipital crest and condyloid process; anteriorly, 
by the orbit. It presents to observation— one side of the occipital 
crest, descending to the base of the styloid process, whence a shaip 
ridge extends from it to the zygomatic crest, w hich ridge forms 
the inferior boundary of the temporal fossa. The external side of 
the occipital styloid processy roughened from the attachment of 
the stylo-maxillaiis. The petrous portion of the temporal 
bone, locked in between the squamous portion of the same and 
the occipital bone, comprising —the mastoid procesSy in apposition 
with the base of the occipital styloid process behind, and wath 
the descending plate of the squamous portion in front. Within a 
circular space formed by this plate behind, and the anterior mas¬ 
toid process h^iox^y protrudes auditory process y to which is 
attached the external ear: it is perforated by the meatus audito- 
riiis exteriiusy whose, orifice is expanded or tmmpet-shaped. 
The temporal zygomatic process is continuous, posteriorly and 
inferiorly, with the anterior mastoid; at which part its surface is 
excavated to make room for the attachment of the external ear : 
from this the process curves upwards and outw^ards, and subse¬ 
quently forwards, in the form of an arch, meeting on the outer 
side of the orbit with the zygomatic process of the malar bone, 
and articulating with it through the zygomatic suture, the tw^o 
completing the zygomatic arch, against which abuts the frontal 
arch. The zygomatic crest and the articular process, the one 
rising the other descending from the temporal part of the arch, 
are also observable. 
2. The lateral facial region extends from the orbit to 
the incisive teeth. It is partially and veiy unequally divided into 
superior and inferior parts by the zygomatic spine, w^hich arises 
from the infero-extemal and anterior part of the arch of the same 
name, reaches forward about one-third of the length of the face 
(measuring from the orbit), and ends abruptly : the inferior part is 
occupied by the masseter, to which the spine gives attachment; the 
superior, by much the most extensive surface, exhibits—a little 
