ON GLANDERS. 
383 
thick and changes colour, the borders of the nostrils rigid and 
contracted, the swollen glands tender and fixed to the jaws. The 
third stage is characterised by the greyness and fetidness of the 
discharge, the frequent nasal haemorrhages and sudden ejections, 
the chancrous and eroding ulcers, the excessive sensibility of the 
affected glands, gumminess of the eyes, tumefaction of the lower 
eyelid, and razing (soulevement) of the turbinated bones. Such 
are the principles diffused through the two works of M. Chabert. 
They may be regarded as the journal of one who has seen and 
practised much in the course of a long career, but who has been 
so engaged in treating the disease, that he has left to chance the 
reaping of those observations that might have proved a clue to 
the development of its nature. 
Gilbert, after representing glanders as the most disastrous of 
disorders to which horses are liable, and exposing the fallacy of 
pretensions to cure it, “ a precious secret/'* he says, “ which yet re¬ 
mains in nihility,” defines what he means by glanders thus : The 
pituitaiy membrane secretes in health a limpid humour, whose 
tenuity is such that it evaporates as fast as it exudes. This hu¬ 
mour, from various morbid influences, becomes suddenly aug¬ 
mented in quantity and consistence; when the animal is said to 
have a discharge. This discharge or flux is accompanied by dif¬ 
ferent symptoms, such as dejection, dispiritedness, fever, ulcera¬ 
tion of the pituitary membrane and others. These symptoms 
appear in strangles, bastard strangles, catarrh, and glanders; but 
glanders may exist without any other symptom but discharge, 
which flows but from one nostril until the disease has reached its 
last stage. It is, therefore, the flux that essentially constitutes 
glanders, though this is often combined with engorgement of the 
sublingual lymphatic glands, and inflammation and ulceration of 
the pituitary membrane. Though glanders is ordinarily chronic 
in horses, it sometimes assumes the acute form; in mules and 
asses it is invariably acute; it appears to be, like bastard 
strangles, a degenerated species of strangles, which plays the 
same part in the horse that small pox does in man. (This is So - 
leyseVs opinion revived.) Both strangles and bastard strangles, 
especially the latter, frequently end in glanders, and these two 
diseases show a perfect and indispensable identity. In fact, glan¬ 
ders is no more than an imperfectly developed strangles. But of 
all maladies, farcy is that which most frequently terminates in 
glanders ; from which circumstance farriers have given it the 
burlesque appellation of the cousin germain of glanders . They 
have regarded it as a specific disease (for ignorance commonly 
distinguishes as many diseases as symptoms), an opinion, once 
established, likely to allure even the most enlightened minds. 
