526 
URINARY CALCULI IN THE OX. 
cine, and who had exhibited many stimulating drinks, and 
passed a seton through the dewlap. 
Symptoms .—Cessation of rumination;—great thirst;—mouth 
very hot;—respiration difficult;—pulse slow;—trembling of the 
hind extremities;—belly swelled ;—the animal lay down and rose 
up again continually;—it looked frequently towards its flank;— 
strained to void its urine;—hide-bound ;—hair dry, dull-coloured, 
and rough; faeces small in quantity. 
State of the Bladder .—To ascertain the state of the bladder, 
I introduced my arm into the rectum. It was distended, and 
situated in the fore-part of the pubic region. A slight pres¬ 
sure on the anterior part of the bladder, to excite the animal to 
urine, brought on violent colic. At the neck of the bladder I 
found a tumour, formed of four stones or calculi, of the size of a 
little pea. I attempted, in vain, to force them back again into 
the bladder. The ox had lost a great deal of flesh, and I ad¬ 
vised that it should be destroyed. 
On opening the abdomen, a quantity of urine was found effused 
in it. On the inferior and anterior part of the bladder was a 
little hole, through which the urine had run drop by drop. A 
great number of yellow or golden-coloured calculi, and of a round 
form, were found in the base of the bladder, and four were 
united at the neck. The internal membrane was red, thick, and 
inflamed at that part. We counted no less than 500 calculi of 
different sizes. The peritoneum was somewhat red; but the ab¬ 
dominal and thoracic viscera were in a healthy state. 
The animals in which calculi are formed are usually natives of 
a strong and dry country; their ordinary drink is pond water; 
and their food, although abundant, is diy. When they are sold 
they are very thin, and the process of fattening is immediately 
commenced. May we attribute the production of calculi to this 
sudden change of regimen ? 
Refections by M. Dupuy. —Urinary calculi in the ox are 
small, globular, and composed of sub-carbonate of lime. They 
may be arrested at the neck of the bladder, the commencement 
of the urethra, or the ischial curve of the penis. The only means 
of cure consists in cutting, and the operation will vary with the 
situation of the calculus. 
If it be in the neck of the bladder, an incision must be made 
into the urethra, at its commencement, upon the ischium, and the 
operation will be conducted as in the horse. There will be no 
danger here of cutting through the upper portion of the bladder, 
because the neck of the bladder is much longer in the ox than in 
the horse. 
If the calculi are at the commencement of the urethra, the 
