128 
ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 
elliptical. Pit of the same figure, and single. lang, single, 
conical. The teeth in the upper jaw are somewhat larger than 
those in the lower. The forms, but more particulaily tne fact^, 
of these teeth undergo alteration as age advances. 
The aiolars, twenty-four in number, are implanted, in torn 
rows, into the sides of the jaws— twelve in the upper, and twelve 
in the lower maxilla, six on each side; equal in magnitude to 
four or five incisors united together.— Figure , oblong, quadrangu¬ 
lar, excepting the first and last, which are triangular. laces , pic- 
senting two transverse ridges and two pits : those ot tne tnangulai 
teeth have an additional eminence. Infundibula , two in each 
tooth, which imperfectly divide the cavity , by extending ihiough 
it down to the fangs, into chambers.— Fangs: an upper molai 
possesses three, excepting the first and last teeth, which Jiave, 
occasionally, but two each. The lower molars have but two rangs. 
The canine teeth, or tusks, are four in number, two in 
each jaw, having isolated stations in the interspaces at the sides 
of the body of the maxilla, between the lateral incisors and the 
first molars.— Form , a double cone, slightly incurvated, wnose 
bases are joined together in one body: during growth the mnei 
side is slightly concave and fluted.— Cavity extends unintenupt- 
, edly through the whole length of the tooth .—lang f single and 
perforated. No infundibulum.—Characteristic of the male. m 
the female, either imperfect or undeveloped. 
Development of the Teeth. —The teeth with which the young 
animal is provided are, at certain intervals of age, cast off and 
replaced by others: hence the distinction of these two sets lmo 
temporary and permanent teeth. The temporary teeth aie twenty- 
four in number—twelve incisors, and twelve molars. The tempo¬ 
rary incisors differ from the permanent—1st, in being smallei and 
whiter; 2dly, in having necks or contractions where the root joins 
the body; 3dly, in their fangs being slenderer and more pointed. 
The temporary molars differ from the permanent set 1st, in 
number; 2dly, in being, individually, smaller and whitei, 8dly, 
in the eminences upon the faces being sharper. 
OF TI1E ARTICULATIONS OR JOINTS OF 
THE SKELETON. 
TRUNK. 
Articulations between the occiput, atlas and axis. 
—The condyles of the os occipitis are embraced by the smooth 
excavations forming the inner sides of the atlas : these aiticulaiy 
surfaces are covered with cartilage, and the two bones aie fasten¬ 
ed together by—1st, Tateral ligaments f passing from the coio- 
