843 
ANATOMY OF THE HOUSE. 
chief points from which it acts, are the lower jaw, the scapula 
and head of the humerus, the patella, and the pubes. By sud¬ 
denly and repeatedly wrinkling his skin, the horse (unprovided 
with hands for the purpose) effects the dislodgement of insects 
which annoy him, and likewise of any irritating or noxious »u - 
stance, such as thorns or prickles, dirt, hayseeds, ls.c. This powe 
also enables him to resist, to a certain degree, the gripe or bite ot 
an adversary. And so habitual does this cutaneous action become, 
that, although perfectly and fully at the command ot t ie wi , 1 
often appears to take place involuntarily, or at least unheeded by 
the animal: this is particularly remarkable at the time that a 
horse is grazing or feeding, and is the while annoyed by Hies. 
M. Girard conceives that it must give additional power of action 
to many muscles by operating as a brace or bandage o rem . 
his words are—“ II concourt a augmenter la force des muse es 
sur lesquelles il exerce une pression un peu foite. 
IT.—MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 
1.—AURICULAR REGION. 
We shall consider these muscles in four classes—the Attol- 
lentes, the Musculi Proprii Conch*, the Retralientes, and t le 
Abducentes. 
1. Attollentes et Adducentes Aurem. 
Attollens Maximus — Temporo-auricularis Externus. 
Situation. —Subcutaneous, upon the temple, at the inner side 
of the ear. 
Figure. —Broad, very thin, triangular. . 
Attachment .—By cellular membrane to the temporal faschia ; 
to a white tendinous (divisional or median)line extending in tie 
direction of the sagittal suture ; and to the superior and posterior 
parts of the triangular cartilage, reaching from the vertex to the 
pit behind the orbit. . . . 
Direction .—From within outward ; convergent m approaching 
Structure.— Fleshy and cellular; fibres pale and slender; and 
in their disposition aponeurotic. 
Attollens Anterior — Zygomatico-auricularis. 
Situation .—Subcutaneous ; in front and to the outer side of 
the former. . c ,, 
Attachment. —Anteriorly, to the posterior extremity ot the 
zygoma; along its middle, to the temporal muscle; posteriorly, 
to the front of the triangular cartilage. . 
Relations ♦—Externally, the skin; internally, the temporalis. 
