those issues are so that we can achieve them on the social 
scientists. And it's not something that we can stop and say, 
"Right now we're going to do it." We have the best information 
we'll have today and we're moving to try and mitigate the 
problem. 
As we get more, we're going to have to make a couple of 
comments. One is that in terms of the use of the land, the land 
is very different from one part of the Bay to the other. When 
we look at the long cores from the upper Chesapeake Bay around 
Furnance Bay, the history of the diatoms, which are an 
indication of eutrophication, show a change in those species 
composition related with runoff from the land and with sewage 
input. 
If you go down to the Ware River or where you have a very 
sand substrate, even though there is still a lot of agriculture, 
the impact there was more beneficial. Prior to any European 
settlement, diatom populations were extremely sparse indicating 
oligotrophic conditions. Runoff from the land in that case 
probably enriched the estuary. 
I think that a management plan that does not consider the 
fact that the drainage areas are very different geologically is 
going to not be as effective as one that considers those 
differences. 
Another thing that I think needs to be considered is that 
even though we know that the anthropogenic impact is very great, 
there is still a climatic impact, so that in dry years the 
impact might be quite different that when there is high runoff, 
for example. 
Dr. D'Elia: I think with that we probably ought to call a 
halt to the day; it's been a long one, but I think an 
interesting one. I want to thank the members of the panel. I 
want to thank the speakers and the audience for participating. 
I hope it was a benefit to people. Before we adjourn. Dr. 
Thomas wants to speak a final word. 
Dr. Thomas; Yes, I would, Chris. Thanks very much. On 
behalf of the NOAA and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 
we'd like to thank you, Chris, for organizing today's acti¬ 
vities. I think it's been very, very fine. I'd like to thank 
the speakers for their excellent presentations, the panelists 
for their comments, and certainly the audience for participating 
and lasting through the day. 
Thank you very much. 
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