No. 2.] COMPARATIVE CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
with it by linin fibers ; but he was unable to decide whether 
these granules are thickenings of linin fibers, or whether they 
correspond to “Nucleolen bezw. Nebennucleolen . . . , welche 
sich vielleicht vom Mutterkorper getrennt haben und durch 
Wirkung centraler Lebensherde in jener typischen, regel- 
massigen Stellung verharren.” 
vom Rath (’ 95 a) studied the maturation of the ovum of 
Euchaeta marina: on PI. VII he figures a number of various 
sized, all rather large nucleoli, in the germinal vesicle, at the 
stage when the chromosomes are longitudinally cleft. 
vom Rath (’ 95 b) finds that the secretion of the gland cells 
of the head in Anilocra stains exactly like the nucleoli, and 
concludes that both substances are probably chemically related. 
He briefly mentions (footnote, p. 5) having seen double nucleoli 
in liver cells of molluscs and Amphibia; these dumbbell¬ 
shaped nucleoli may be either regarded as states of fusion or 
of division. In liver cells of Astacus the nucleolus consists of 
“ zwei verschieden tingirten einander dicht anliegenden Kugeln 
einer dunklen und einer blassen.” There is no relation between 
centrosomes and nucleolar substance. 
Rhumbler (’95) studied the nucleolar relations of Cyphoderia. 
From three to nine “ Binnenkorper ” lie within the nucleus, the 
largest nuclei having the smallest number; so that accompanying 
the increase in size of the nucleus, a gradual fusion of the 
“ Binnenkorper ” takes place, though without an appreciable 
increase in the total volume of their substance. 
Sacharoff (’95) concludes that since the eosinophilic granules 
of the blood have the same appearance as the nucleoli, “ und 
weil diese Kernkorperchen bei dem Herausfalien der Kerne auch 
herausfallen miissen, um dann unweigerlich von Leukocyten 
verschlungen zu werden, so ist mit grosster Wahrscheinlichkeit 
anzunehmen, dass bei Saugern die eosinophilen Granulationen 
auf dem Wege der Phagocytose von aus Hamatoblasten heraus- 
gefallenen Kernkorperchen entstehen.” In birds the nuclei 
do not fall out of the erythrocytes, but the eosinophilic cor¬ 
puscles are nucleoli which have wandered out of the nucleus; 
these nucleoli are rod shaped. (Only medical literature is cited 
in this paper.) 
