534 
MONTGOMER V. 
[Vol. XV. 
zwischen Kern und Zelle ”; he opposes the view “dass die 
Kernkorper aus dem Zellplasma in den Kern hineingelangen 
und hier in die Bildung des Chromatins eingehen.” Leydig 
(’85) holds that certain of the nucleoli are differentiations of 
the chromatin reticulum, others of the “ Kernplasma.” Watase 
(’94) considers that they may be metabolic products of the cell. 
Auerbach (’90) holds them to be the fundamental constituents 
of the nucleus, which is a retrogression to the earlier views of 
O.and R. Hertwig. Born (’94) states : “Die Nucleolen stehen 
in Beziehung zum individuellen Zellleben, nicht zur Fortpflan- 
zung.” Lavdowsky (’94) considers them to be reserve masses 
of chromatin. Macfarlane (’81, ’85) regards them as the tropic 
centers of the cell, and as the most important mechanical agents 
in cell division. Julin (’96b) believes they conduct the vegetal 
processes of the cell. Mottier (’97) considers the nucleolus 
“ein Kraftvorrath, welcher der Zelle nach Bedarf zur Verfii- 
gung steht ” ; and Swingle (’97), as a reserve fund of nourish¬ 
ment for the kinoplasm in mitosis. Metzner (’94) considers 
them to be of importance in the processes of mitosis (compare 
his observations). Henneguy (’93) regards the nucleolus and 
Balbianian corpuscles as corresponding with the macronucleus 
of the Infusoria (cf Julin, ’93b). These, then, are the most 
important views on the nature of the nucleolus. 1 
From my own observations the nucleolar substance would 
seem to be extranuclear in origin, and not a secretion or excre¬ 
tion of the nucleus. To be sure it may, and probably does, 
undergo chemical changes within the nucleus, but it is derived 
in the first place from the cytoplasm. I regard the nucleoli as 
1 The following list includes, I believe, all who have written on the function of 
the nucleolus : Korschelt (’89), Hacker (’93a, ’95, ’97b), O. Hertwig (’77a, ’92), 
Rhumbler (’93), R. Hertwig (’76, ’96), Fick (’93), Lukjanow (’88), Brauer (’91), 
Nussbaum (’82), Strasburger (’82b, ’84, ’88, ’95, ’97), Jordan (’93), Flemming 
(’80, ’82), Van Beneden (’75), Wasielevsky (’93), A. Schneider (’83), Henneguy 
(’93), Ruckert (’92, ’94), C. Schneider (’91), Born (’94), R. Wagner (’36, ’37), 
Auerbach (’74a), Kolliker (’43), Lonnberg (’92), Klein (’78), Macallum (’91, 
’95), Stuhlmann (’86), O. Brandt (’78), Schwarz (’87), Giugnard (’85), Macfar¬ 
lane (’81, ’85, ’92), Zacharias (’85), Watase (’94), Humphrey (’94), Gjurasin 
(’93), Mann (’92), Julin (’93b), E. B. Wilson (’96), Van Bambeke (’85), Mottier 
(’97), Swingle (’97), Rosen (’95), Metzner (’94), Wheeler (’97), Carnoy (’84, 
’86, ’97a, ’97b). 
