38*2 
ON GLANDERS IN MAN, &c. 
other characters. On account of this difference in the symptoms— 
the failure of the nasal discharge—the actual existence of glan¬ 
ders was denied in the first case which came under notice. In the 
horse, the morbid discharge secreted by the mucous membrane of 
the inflamed nasal fossae escapes through the part of the nasal 
sinus which possesses the greatest declivity, namely, by the nostrils: 
in the human being attacked by acute glanders, it is discharged in 
whatever posture he may be, and oftenest, perhaps, when he lies 
horizontally, or on his back. The secretion runs almost continu¬ 
ally in a small quantity from his nose, but the greater part of it 
runs into the gullet, and, being thence expelled with considerable 
force, that mingled mucus and bloody sputum is seen which is 
never observed in the horse. On the other hand, when the dis¬ 
ease has made a decided impression—when it has produced its pe¬ 
culiar eruption, the enormous difference which exists between the 
cavity of the nasal fossae of man and of the horse, and the differ¬ 
ence also in the size and construction of the nostrils in the two, 
causes the essential character of the malady to be always less ap¬ 
parent and less decided in the human being. 
As to the character of the nasal eruption, its seat, and the na¬ 
ture of the humour secreted in acute glanders, these things are per¬ 
fectly identical in man and in the horse. The eruption shews itself 
not only in the mucous membrane of the septum narium, but also 
on the turbinated bones, and on the posterior part of the velum 
palati. Sometimes, but more rarely, in the human being the glan¬ 
derous eruption extends from the nasal fossae to the anterior sur¬ 
face of the velum palati and the interior of the mouth. This is 
comparatively rare in the horse. 
As to the enlargements of the submaxillary lymphatic ganglions 
which often exist in the horse in acute glanders, they are rarely 
met with in the human being. This existence of the enlargement 
of the submaxillary ganglions in one, and the absence of that en¬ 
largement in the other, had been a source of incertitude and doubt 
with some veterinary surgeons, who witnessed the first cases of 
acute glanders in man, observed at Paris: but this fact of the ab¬ 
sence of the glandular enlargement, to a greater or less degree, was 
accounted for by the difference in the connexion and the propin¬ 
quity between the nasal fossae and submaxillary glands in man and 
the same glands in the horse. In fact, in the horse, these glands 
have a much more direct relation with the lymphatic vessels and 
glands of the posterior part of the nostrils. We may also compre¬ 
hend why these ganglions are more frequently affected in the horse 
when we observe the great extent of glanderous inflammation in 
the nasal fossae. 
As to the nasal eruption itself, and the ulcerations which follow 
