383 
ON GLANDEKS IN MAN, &C. 
it, the identity is most striking; but the eruption in the human 
being, when it is slight in degree, cannot always be ascertained un¬ 
til after death. It is rare, however, that we meet with this diffi¬ 
culty in the horse, whose nasal fossae, on account of the largeness 
of the nostrils, may be so much more easily explored. 
In proving the existence of chronic glanders in man, other diffi¬ 
culties present themselves which are not met with in the solipede. 
Every horse that has a chronic discharge from the nostrils, ulcera¬ 
tions on the septum or on the turbinated bones, a thickening or 
induration of the mucous membrane, with, enlargement of the sub¬ 
maxillary glands, is at once declared to be glandered; but in the 
human being it is not sufficient to prove the existence of ulceration 
in the nostrils, or destruction, more or less complete, of the septum, 
even with engorgement of the submaxillary glands, in order to pro¬ 
nounce that the patient has chronic glanders. We know, in fact, 
that the nostrils of the human being may be the seat of deep ulcer¬ 
ation with foetid discharge, and engorgement of the lymphatic sub¬ 
maxillary glands, in circumstances in which it is not only impossible 
to admit of the existence of glanders, but where these lesions evi¬ 
dently belong to another class of disease. Thus, in consequence 
of inveterate venereal disease, the mucous membrane of the nos¬ 
trils becomes inflamed and ulcerated, the bones grow carious, and 
there is a discharge more or less foetid. There exists at the same 
time ulcers of the throat, and the submaxillary glands become en¬ 
larged. Persons who are subject to scrofula have the nasal fossa? 
often ulcerated, and becoming the source of the most offensive dis¬ 
charge. Therefore, before we admit that ulceration of the nose, 
with morbid and foetid secretion, are of a glanderous nature when 
observed in the human being, we must first prove that these ulcer¬ 
ations and the enlargement of the glands which accompany them 
are neither syphilitic nor scrofulous. 
If syphilitic or scrofulous ulcerations of the nose may, in the 
man, simulate to a certain point the chronic glanders of the horse, 
we know, on the other hand, that true chronic glanders, and re¬ 
cognized the later because it is chronic, has been mistaken for 
a venereal affection. These chronic, glanderous affections have 
always been preceded by farcy enlargement and abscess. 
In the few cases of chronic glanders that have been observed in 
the human being, the enlargement of the submaxillary glands has 
been rarely noted, because this enlargement, to which we attach 
so much importance in the horse as a proof of chronic glanders, 
is, in a case of chronic affection of the nostrils in the human 
subject, indicative rather of the scrofulous and venereal, but not 
of tlie glanderous character of tlie malady. Not oidy in many in¬ 
stances of well-established cases (d’chronic glanders in man has this 
