DESCRIPTION OE A SINGULAR LUSUS NATURAE. 405 
similar to that attending asthma in the human subject; and the 
crepitous rale, so closely resembling the rubbing of a lock of your 
own hair between the finger and thumb close to the ear; to these 
are frequently added a sound like the plaintive Avhining of a small 
puppy, or, occasionally, a distant cooing sound is heard ; and these 
phenomena are audible at all points of the chest, but more intense 
in the vicinity of the large bronchi. 
Some have argued against emphysema of the lungs as a lesion 
producing broken-wind, that is, the embarrassed respiration of the 
disorder, and have illustrated this opinion by referring to the air- 
bladders upon the surface of the lungs on dissection of horses of 
sound wind when living. To this I beg to reply, that those air- 
bladders do not constitute emphysema of the organ: they are seen 
upon the surface of the lung the substance of which is in the most 
perfect health. Any person wishing to satisfy himself upon this 
point may have frequent opportunity in young animals that have 
been slaughtered in the most perfect health. 
Emphysema of the lungs is an important feature in the dissec¬ 
tion of broken-winded horses; but it is a consecutive lesion of 
chronic bronchitis. It is not indispensable to the production of 
emphysema that the cells should be ruptured. The lesions oc¬ 
curring in the walls of the sub-divisions of the bronchi w'ould be 
attended by the same effects. It is, however, not to be supposed 
that any efforts of his respiratory organs which the animal could 
possibly make would rupture either the bronchial tubes or the 
air-cells, provided these tissues and the other portions of the pul¬ 
monary structure were in a normal and healthy condition: but, 
when the tissues have become altered and changed by morbid action 
advancing in them, these lesions, fatal to the functions of respira¬ 
tion, may readily take place; and this must be apparent to the 
pathologist. As regards the primary form of chronic bronchitis 
existing as the precursor of broken-wind, the cough and the phe¬ 
nomena furnished by auscultation will abundantly prove this. 
DESCRIPTION OF A SINGULAR LUSUS NATURE, 
AND OF THE CESARIAN OPERATION UNSUC¬ 
CESSFULLY PERFORMED. 
By Mr. J. CARLISLE, V.S., Wigton. 
On the 26th of March last I was summoned by Mr. D. Briggs, 
veterinary surgeon, of Basenthwaite, twelve miles from my resi¬ 
dence, to assist him in the extraction of a calf from a cow, the 
property of a gentleman in Mr. Briggs’s neighbourhood. After 
VOL. xni. 3 I 
