ON THE NON-IMMORTALITY OF ANIMALS. 
515 
and the possession of mind certain!}^ extends as far as its pheno¬ 
mena. Whatever beings have conscious feeling, have souls, or 
immortal minds, distinct from the substance of which they appear 
to us to be composed. If all aidmals feel, all animals have souls.”* * * § 
The Rev. Dr. Welsh, in his Life of Dr. Thomas Brown, says, 
“Dr. Brown considered the duties rvhich we owe to the brute cre¬ 
ation as a very important branch of ethics, and, had he lived, he 
would have published an essay on the subject. He believed that 
many of the lower animals have the sense of right and wrong, 
and that the same argument which proves the immortality of man 
extends with equal force to the other orders of earthly existencet.” 
Crousaz, a foreign author of some note, appears to have had 
views somewhat similar. 
Bonnet writes, If the lower animals have souls, then soul is as 
indivisible, as indestructible, by second causes, as the soul of man : 
a simple substance can neither be divided nor decompounded. The 
soul of the animal, therefore, can perish only by annihilation ; and 
I do not see that religion announces in express terms that annihila¬ 
tion; but I do see that it celebrates the immense treasures of the 
Divine Goodnessf.” 
Hartley, in his “ Observations on Man,” says, “ These crea¬ 
tures (the larger animals) resemble us greatly in the make of the 
body; also in the formation of their intellects, memories, passions, 
&c. And if they should prove to be our brethren and sisters in 
immortality as well as mortality, in the permanent principle of our 
minds as well as the frail dust of our bodies, this would have a 
particular tendency to increase our tenderness for them.” He adds, 
‘‘ that the future existence of brutes cannot be disproved by any 
arguments, as far as yet appears^.” 
Dr. Cudworth, alluding to the possibility of brutes awakening 
again hereafter in some other terrestrial bodies, says, “ this 
seemeth to be no more than what is found by daily experience 
in the course of nature, when the silkworm and other worms, 
dying, are transformed into butterflies. For there is little reason 
to doubt that the same soul which before actuated the body of 
the silkworm doth afterward actuate that of the butterfly; upon 
which account it is that this hath been made by Christian theologers 
an emblem of the resurrection].” 
Dr. Barclay says, ‘‘ Though a presentiment of immortality bo 
deeply interwoven in the human constitution, and (the truth of it) 
* Prichard on the V^ital Principle, 
f Life, by the Rev. Dr. Welsh, p. 460. 
f Ronnet, Palingenesie Philosophiqnc, tom. ii, p. 77. 
§ Ibid. tom. ii, p. 74-76. 
II Cudworth, Int. Syst., vol. iv, p. 151. 
