652 
VERMINOUS DISEASE AMONG FOWLS. 
fatted birds were purchased by the middle classes; but the profits 
which she used to make were frightfully diminished. Being one 
day at her house in the spring of that year, she told me of these 
fearful losses, and engaged me to make some researches into their 
cause, and I at once began my task, as some poultry had been killed 
and plucked on that very morning. 
1. I commenced with a young turkey. The crop contained a 
very small quantity of wheat and barley, but was otherwise 
healthy. Neither the lungs nor the liver presented any thing un¬ 
usual. The gizzard contained the usual quantity of small stones, 
and a very small quantity of half-triturated food. At about three 
inches from the gizzard the intestine exhibited a very considerable 
enlargement, in which were thirty-seven worms, which, rolled and 
twisted together, formed an insuperable obstacle to the passage of 
the food. Between this enlargement and the anus were nineteen 
other worms, three of which were in the cloaca. 
2. A pullet contained twenty-two of the long worms —strongyli 
—below the gizzard; eleven others in the lower part of the intes¬ 
tine, and three fluke worms in the duct of the liver; that viscus 
being considerably larger than usual. 
3. In another pullet, the liver contained two flukes, and the en¬ 
largement beneath the gizzard twenty-five worms. 
4. A young turkey had nineteen worms rolled together in the 
usual place in the intestine, thirteen in another part of the intes¬ 
tinal canal, and four in the cloaca. 
5. A young cock, eighteen at the usual place, and fourteen in 
different parts of the digestive tube. 
Case III.—The scene is now shifted to Spain. The wife of one 
of the equerries of Joseph Napoleon employed herself in breeding 
and rearing poultry. In the spring of 1812, a sad mortality pre¬ 
vailed among her birds. She at first attributed it to wilful poisoning, 
and thought that deleterious substances had been thrown over the 
walls; but, after consultation with her husband, she requested me 
to examine the case. I was then- veterinary superintendent of the 
stables of the king of Spain. I went there on the following morn¬ 
ing, and examined two young pullets and a young turkey that had 
died in the preceding night. 
1. In the first pullet I found, as in the cases in my own country, 
every thing right until I had passed the gizzard, when, at the 
usual place, twenty-eight worms presented themselves; six others 
Avere in the lower intestine, and one in the cloaca. The bird was 
very thin. 
2. This pullet was in still Avorse condition. The liver was en¬ 
larged, and contained two flukes. In the small intestine were 
l\\entv-one woiins, and fourteen in the lower portion of the canal. 
