20 
FARCY IN EGYPT. 
are hypertrophied, sometimes hard, sometimes soft; black, or 
red; and, on pressure, suffering a puriform matter of varied 
colour to escape. In the chest and the abdomen there are the 
same alterations. The mucous membranes are pale. The vessels 
which are ordinarily red are scarcely seen; ulcerations, more or 
less extensive, are found on the cartilaginous septum of the nose ; 
the septum is occasionally perforated; and there are farcy buds 
in a state of softening where the integument and the mucous 
membrane meet. In some the lungs contain miliary or pea-shaped 
tubercles, and these are also met with in the liver and in the 
spleen; but these alterations are not frequent, and in many 
horses there is not a vestige of them. There is little blood in 
the large vessels: the tissue of the heart is discoloured. 
In the carcasses of some horses the bones are farcied, and pre¬ 
sent deep ulcerations : the bones which are oftenest affected are 
the nasal ones. The museum of the school at Alfort contains 
bones, carious and ulcerated, from the enlarged limbs of farcied 
horses; and Professor Dupuy, in his work on Glanders, relates 
many cases of very great disease in the bones. 
Vast abscesses are often found in the testicles; and farcy is 
often accompanied by mange, and softening of the liver: the 
latter is a frequent termination of it in Egypt. 
It has been supposed that farcied horses are very subject to 
glanders, and that glandered horses usually have farcy. This 
has been asserted and believed by a great many medical men of 
deserved eminence, and they have not scrupled to place the two 
diseases in the same class. This opinion has at the present day 
many partisans. Repeated observations, however, which we have 
made as well in Europe as in Africa and Asia, have established 
a distinct line of demarcation between glanders and farcy. The 
first seems to have its seat in the septum which divides the 
nasal cavities, often, perhaps, extending a third of the way down 
the mucous membrane of the trachea; while the second consists 
of a profound lesion of the lymphatic ganglions and vessels, 
affecting many systems at once, as, for example, the skin and 
the mucous membranes. Many glandered horses die without 
having had a symptom of farcy ; while, on the contrary, we meet 
with many farcied horses which present lesions similar to those 
of glanders, as chancres and nasal discharge. This it is, doubt¬ 
less, which has caused old practitioners, ignorant of anatomy and 
physiology, to assert that farcy is cousin-german to glanders. 
If farcy, as has been shewn, attacks the skin and the mucous 
membranes, ought we to be surprised if some farcied horses 
have ulcers on the nasal membrane, or discharge from the nos¬ 
trils ? It is always the same disease; and if we had closely 
