iviH. youatt’s veterinary lectures. 
case of supposed catarrh or influenza, or, in fact, disease of 
almost every kind, introduce a finger or two into the mouth, and 
move them about there, not only to ascertain its temperature, 
but the action of the lower jaw; and if that is limited, satisfy 
yourselves whether this arises from the pain which the motion 
of it occasions, or from actual inability to move the jaw. 
Continuation of Symptoms .—There will now, or ere this, be 
stiffness of the neck; and, on passing the hand down it, the 
muscles will be prominent, distinct, hard, knotty, and unyielding. 
There is difficulty in bringing the head round, and still greater 
difficulty in bending it; for the extensors of the head are in health 
more powerful than the flexors, having to assist in supporting 
the weight of the head. The difference of power in the two, 
therefore, shews itself now by the very peculiar manner in which 
the muzzle is thrown out and forward, and permanently retained 
there. The eye is sunk—the retractor muscle acts among the 
rest, and the eye is drawn deep within the socket; and in con¬ 
sequence of this, the fatty matter behind the eye is pressed for¬ 
ward, and the membrana nictitans is protruded, and there is an 
appearance of strabismus, or squinting. I confess that I have 
never seen what the erudite Mr. John Hinds describes:—The 
eyes of the animal were turned back, shewing the nerve which 
retained the ball in position in a very disgusting manner.” I 
had supposed that the retractor muscle so completely surrounded 
the optic nerve as to render this impossible, especially under 
the state of spasmodic contraction in which this disease places it; 
but Mr. Hinds’ book contains some very strange things. 
The ears are erect, pointed forward, and immoveable ; if you 
speak to the horse, or threaten to strike him, they change not 
their position. Considering the beautiful play of the ear in the 
horse, when in health, and the kind of conversation which he 
can maintain by means of it, there is scarcely a more character¬ 
istic symptom of tetanus than this immobility of the ear. The 
nostril is expanded to the utmost; and there is little or no play 
of its alas, as in hurried or even natural breathing. The breath¬ 
ing itself is usually accelerated, but not always so; I have 
known it rendered considerably slower; but it is always labo¬ 
rious, for the aid of some of the auxiliary voluntary muscles is 
withdrawn, and the rest have more to do. The pulse will give 
little indication of the severity of the disease. I have known it 
in a manner unaffected, when the spasmodic action was fully 
established. It would rise, and rapidly, when I approached the 
horse and offered to touch him; but after I had stood by him 
a minute or two, it would quiet down almost to its natural 
standard. After awhile, however, the heart begins to sym¬ 
pathize with the excitation of the animal system, and the pulse 
