TETANUS IN CATTLE. 
369 
and, as it were, in one body, it is very likely to find its way into 
the paunch. If he goes quietly to work, and gives a little at a 
time, and suffers it to run slowly down the throat, it will proba¬ 
bly flow on to the fourth stomach and the intestinal canal. The 
explanation of this will be given in the proper place. 
The hoivels must be opened .—After two or three doses of the 
medicine have been given without effect, it will be proper to add 
a strong aromatic—an ounce of ginger; and also a tonic in a 
somewhat smaller dose, as two drachms of gentian powder. The 
lining membrane of the paunch is of a cuticular and compara¬ 
tively insensible nature, and may require some stimulus of this 
kind in order to excite it to action. 
Ulterior measures .—Supposing that four or five doses more 
have been given, and the animal remains constipated—why, 
then, it is plain enough that the physic is accumulated in the 
paunch, and that viscus cannot be roused by any common stimu¬ 
lus. Recourse must now be had to the stomach-pump. The 
oesophagus tube must be introduced into the gullet, and carried 
down into the rumen, and warm water must be pumped in until 
that stomach is filled and overflows ; and then the contents of 
the stomach will either be returned by vomiting, or pass through 
the third into the fourth, and so into the intestines. 
Purging being established, an attempt must be made to allay 
the irritation of the nervous system by means of sedatives; and 
here, also, the only effectual drug is opium. The crude opium, 
dissolved in warm water, and suspended by means of the muci¬ 
lage of gum, or the yolk of an egg, will be the preferable form 
in which to give it. The dose should be a drachm, or a drachm 
and a half, every day ; and the proportions of the purgative and 
the sedative medicines must be so managed that the constitution 
shall be under the influence of both. This is rather a difficult 
object to effect, and it may be occasionally necessary to suspend 
the sedative, for a dose or for a day, when costiveness threatens 
to prevail. 
The beast should be supported by mashes, which it will some¬ 
times contrive to eat, or at least it will suck up the moisture 
from them ; and as soon as there is any remission of the spasm, 
the animal may be turned out into a field close at hand during 
the day, and taken up at night. 
A seton of black hellebore root in the dewlap may be of ser¬ 
vice. It is introduced into a new system, a part not under the 
influence of the disease, and it often produces a great deal of in¬ 
flammation and swelling. The back and the loins should also be 
covered with sheepskins, frequently changed, in order to excite 
a constant perspiration, and, if possible, produce relaxation in 
VOL. VIII. 3 K 
