652 
REVIEW OF MOIROUDS 
violet odour, and part of them escape unchanged with the urine. 
I have had experience of this double phenomenon in many horses 
to which the enormous doses of ten or twelve ounces of turpen¬ 
tine have been given during several successive days. 
In the opinion of many practitioners, it has a tonic influence 
on the mucous membranes of the urinary and respiratory pas¬ 
sages; therefore, it is employed in chronic catarrh of those 
parts. It has completely failed as a remedy for glanders. 
The best way of administering it internally is to mix it with 
honey or treacle, or the yolk of eggs; the dose for large 
animals being from two to four ounces. 
Turpentine is oftener indicated for external than for internal 
use: it is employed to resolve tumours, or to strengthen parts, 
either alone or combined with other drugs. United with honey, 
or the yolk of an egg, it forms a kind of ointment called diges¬ 
tive ; combined with corrosive sublimate, it makes a soft plaister, 
which may be applied over chronic and indolent swellings of 
every kind, and generally with very great success. 
The Oil or Spirit of Turpentine is one of the most 
powerful stimulants, particularly with regard to the horse. Ad¬ 
ministered internally it acts in the same manner as the substance 
from which it is obtained; but it is more acrid, and often pro¬ 
duces intense inflammation of the urinary passages. Applied 
on the skin or the cellular tissue, it causes an irritation yet 
more active, and very considerable pain; it speedily produces its 
effect, and that effect almost as speedily subsides. In order to 
subdue the irritability which it has excited, it is often merely 
necessary to lead the animal about for a little while. It is used 
externally as a friction for indolent swellings and bony and 
synovial tumours. It is applied over parts affected with chronic 
rheumatism or atrophy ; or, in general, wherever it is necessary 
to rouse the sensibility and the interstitial absorption. It has, 
however, this inconvenience, that it sometimes produces cracks 
in the skin, and takes off the hair. To prevent these effects it 
is often mixed with oil, or spirit, or vinegar. It is necessary to 
be very careful in the employment of it on thin-skinned or irri¬ 
table horses. Bourgelat recommends it only for slight frictions 
on the inferior parts of the extremities; but he expressly excepts 
the case of founder, in which he says that frictions round the 
coronet produce inffammation, which is soon followed by re¬ 
solution. 
Although employed inconsiderately by farriers in the healing 
of wounds of various characters, it is very useful where gangrene 
has commenced, or where the granulations are pale and un¬ 
healthy. Mixed with a small quantity of digestive ointment, or 
