THE 
VETERINARIAN. 
vol. v. FEBRUARY, 1832. No - so. 
ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 
[Continued from page 17 ] 
VEINS. 
THERE are ten radical veins, though no more than two of 
them possess a volume correspondent with the main arterial 
trunks: these two, denominated the vena cava, may be looked 
upon as the fellow-vessels of the anterior and posterior aortae : the 
other eight are the 
PULMONARY VEINS J 
Which vessels originate within the air-cells of the lungs, from the 
extreme ramifications of the pulmonary artery; and by repeated 
and reiterated union and coalescence, at length form themselves 
into eight venous trunks, which proceed directly from the roots of 
the lungs to the left auricle of the heart, and into that cavity 
empty themselves by four openings*. 
VEN2E CAVJE, 
Anterior and Posterior, form the two main or general trunks 
of the venous system ; the former receiving the blood returned 
from the fore parts of the body; the other, that flowing from the 
hinder parts. Their ramifications in most parts exceed, in num¬ 
ber and size, those of the correspondent arteries; in addition to 
which, veins are found in many parts (and those mostly super¬ 
ficial) where arterial trunks do not exist; which excess of number 
and duplicity of course has caused a division of the veins into 
those that are superficial, and those that are deep-seated. 
* The English veterinary professors reckon eight pulmonary veins ; the 
French, but four. The disagreement arises from tlie former reckoning 
being made at the issue of the veins out of the substance of Ihe lungs, 
and the latter being taken from their termination in the cavity of the left 
auricle. 
VOL. v. 
K 
