SYMPTOMS OF GLANDERS. 
129 
decided, and sometimes intense, redness of hue. It indicates 
inflammation, and the degree of inflammation which exists. But 
when that inflammation has debilitated the membrane on which 
it existed, and the process of ulceration commences, it becomes 
pale, livid, leaden-coloured, or brown. 
Chancrous Ulceration of the Nostril .—The ulceration once 
established, the disease hastens in its progress, and the sores 
begin to be visible on the lower part of the septum; they are 
sores of a peculiar character,—not mere abrasions—not stripes 
of excoriation as we sometimes see in nasal p'leet—not the un- 
O 
defined ragged ulcerations, which are usually consequent on in¬ 
flammation ;—but chancres,—distinct ulcers, with rounded, ele¬ 
vated, well-defined edges. You will observe their peculiar 
character in these preserved specimens, and more particularly in 
this, from the recent subject. You will particularly observe that 
they are found, not scattered here and there upon the septum, 
but in regular succession: they follow the course of the vein 
which, as you may here observe, runs down towards the centre 
of the septum, and contiguous with which, and lying almost in 
contact with it, are the absorbent & of the septum. I beg your 
particular attention to this, and with reference to another form, 
or perhaps stage, of glanders which I shall presently have to 
consider, namely, farcy—inflammation and ulceration of the su¬ 
perficial absorbents, and shewing already the connexion between 
these maladies, or rather their identity. 
They run down almost to the orifice of the ductus ad nasum. 
Let me once more caution you not to confound that orifice with 
one of these chancrous ulcers; or to mistake it for the first 
appearance of, ulceration on the lower part of the septum. 
Take care likewise that you do not mistake for ulcers, little spots 
of rather concrete mucus lying on the membrane. You would 
not be the only persons who have done so, somewhat to the 
compromise of their professional reputation. Always try whether 
you can rub off the suspicious spot with your finger. 
These ulcerations sometimes spread over the greater part of 
the cavity. In these specimens you may trace them plainly on 
the oethmoid, and along the inferior edges of the turbinated bones. 
They occasionally produce, or are accompanied by, caries of these 
bones; they eat fairly into them; but the ulcers on the septum 
are in most cases superficial, and the perfect separation is still 
preserved between the diseased nostril and the sound one. 
When these chancres appear, the case is usually a lost one; but 
in a few instances, either by the power of medicine or of nature, 
these chancres take on a healthy character, and cicatrize and 
disappear. A fine specimen of this is now on the table. 
VOL. V. T 
