140 MR. youatt’s veterinary lectures. 
its greatest power to injure from an alliance with the latter. No 
stables used to be closer and hotter than those of gentlemen ; 
they were perfect ovens; and the same foul air was breathed 
over and over again. There used to be, and there is still, pneu¬ 
monia often enough ; for there was an absurd and ruinous change 
of temperature; but glanders was an unfrequent or unknown 
guest. Why ? The faecal impurities w r ere cleared away as quickly 
as possible. 
The stables of the horse-dealer used to be, and still are, hot 
enough, in order to put a sleekness upon the coat; and there 
was and is plenty of catarrh, and catarrhal fever, and pneumo¬ 
nia, but no glanders, for cleanliness was the order of the day. 
The farmer’s stable was, and continues to be, ill managed 
and filthy enough : urine and dung accumulate from week to 
week, until the place is a perfect dunghill ; there is no declivity 
to drain away the urine, no water to wash away the filth ; but 
the same carelessness prevailed every where—below, around, 
and above, and the windows were broken, and the roof was any¬ 
thing but air-tight, and there was many a cranny in the walls, 
and the fumes were driven away as fast as they arose. 
But the stables of the post-master, and the waggon-proprietor, 
and the proprietor of the barge-horse,—sometimes almost too 
low for an ordinary man to stand upright in, too dark for the ac¬ 
cumulation of filth to be observed, too far from the master’s eye 
for the stableman to do his duty, and where the fumes of the 
faeces and the urine are continually arising,—these, I have said, 
are the very hot-beds of glanders; there it is almost a constant 
resident. 
Glanders is, in a manner, the consequence of stabling the 
horse. In many parts of the world it is unknown, as in South 
America and in Arabia; and it used to be in Portugal and in 
Spain ; but in the two last, and in North America and in British 
India, it is now rife enough. Wherever our stabling, with all 
its absurdity, was introduced, there glanders followed in its 
train. 
ON CATTLE MEDICINE. 
By Mr. R. Sumner, V. S. Birstall , near Leeds. 
To the Editors of “ The Veterinarian .” 
Gentlemen, 
I have been a constant reader of your valuable publica¬ 
tion, called The Veterinarian, for the last two years, and 
hope it will continue to improve in the manner it has done 
during that time, and particularly as it regards cattle medicine. 
