328 MR. youatt’s veterinary lectures. 
In some cases, and those as obstinate as any, I have not been 
able to trace any probable cause, and the health of the animal 
has not appeared to be in the slightest degree affected. 
The membrane of the nose is highly sensitive and irritable, 
and an ulcer, in whatever way formed on it, does not readily 
heal. It runs on to gangrene; it destroys not only the mem¬ 
brane, but the bone beneath, and the cartilaginous septum does 
not escape. This is rarely the case in glanders : the ravages of 
the chancrous ulcers are usually confined to the membrane. I 
have seen caries of the greater part of the superior turbinated 
bone when there was no reason to suspect glanders. The ulcer¬ 
ation proceeds to a certain point—its progress is then arrested, 
usually by nature alone—the discharge gradually lessens—it 
loses its offensive character, and at length ceases. It is a most 
annoying disease, for the whole stable is tainted with the smell; 
and although the discharge may almost cease to appear, the 
stench will remain week after week, in spite of all our efforts. 
Treatment; External Applications. —Well, gentlemen, we 
must do something. Local applications ; are they available ? I 
fear not. There are two sufficient reasons against their use. 
We seldom know the place of the ulceration, and if we did, we 
probably could not get at it. You will recollect what I have 
said about this when treating of glanders. Some have recom¬ 
mended setons. Where are they to be applied ? If the seat of 
ulceration is unknown, the seton will only give useless pain. 
The trephine;—where again shall we apply it? Some post¬ 
mortem examinations have shewn that the frontal sinuses were 
the seat of disease. If we could be sure of that in every case, 
we might easily get at them. Yet what injection should we 
use ? An emollient one would be thrown away. A stimulating 
injection might convert ozena into glanders. Other examina¬ 
tions, however, have shewn that the superior portion of the cen¬ 
tral meatus was diseased. What instrument can be contrived to 
reach that ? 
Internal Medicines. —They are almost thrown away. I know 
nothing of antiseptics in the horse or cattle; and as for tonics , 
they have all been tried over and over again, sometimes without 
the slightest benefit, and always with very doubtful or limited 
effect. 
Fomentations. —Yet we may do something. We may do 
something, perhaps, under the form of a local application. The 
discarded nose-bag (undervalued at least by too many practi¬ 
tioners) will afford the means of employing an emollient fomen¬ 
tation. The steam from a bran-mash, scalding hot, will probably 
reach every part of the nasal cavity, and so afford some chance 
