WORMS IN THE NOSE OF THE HOG. 337 
minute or two at a time. I say snorting in a peculiar way, for 
the inspiration is as forcible as the expiration. The air is hur¬ 
ried backward and forward, as if to dislodge something that had 
lodged on the Schneiderian membrane, and was a source of 
irritation. 
An emetic will usually afford relief. Of the modus operandi 
I am not certain : possibly, in the act of vomiting, some ob¬ 
struction or deposition of mucus is forced out. In obstinate 
cases I have given grain doses of the sulphate of copper, made 
into a ball with linseed meal, with marked advantage. 
OZENA IN THE DOG. 
We have frequent cases of ozena in old dogs. The discharge is 
abundant and constant, and sometimes foetid. The Schneiderian 
membrane, of more than usual sensibility in this animal, is 
exposed to many a cause of irritation, and debilitated and 
worn out before its time. Pugs are particularly subject to ozena. 
1 scarcely ever knew a very old pug that had it not to a greater 
or less degree. The peculiar depression between the nasal and 
frontal bones in this breed of dogs, while it almost totally obli¬ 
terates the frontal sinuses, may narrow the air-passage at that 
spot, and cause greater irritation there from the usual rush of the 
air, and especially if the membrane became inflamed or any 
foreign body insinuated itself. 
I have nothing to recommend you here, but cleanliness. It is, 
in the majority of cases, a disease of old age, and it must take 
its course. 
WORMS IN THE NOSE OF THE DOG. 
I have seen several cases of worms in the nose of the dog, and 
a sad nuisance they have been. There is a worm inhabiting 
the stomach and duodenum of young dogs, a frequent cause of 
sickness, and occasionally of spasmodic colic, when they roll 
themselves into knots (the ascaris marginata), and of which I 
shall endeavour to give some account when treating of the 
vermes. It seems occasionally to take a dislike to its assigned 
residence, and it wanders rarely into the larger intestines, but 
often into the oesophagus. A dog had dreadful cough which could 
not be subdued by bleeding or physic, or sedative or opiate me¬ 
dicine. He was destroyed, and one of these ascarides was found 
in the trachea. Others find their way into the nasal cavity, 
and a dreadful source of irritation they are there. Possibly 
they are endeavouring to escape, in order to undergo one of the 
changes of form to which they are destined, or they might have 
been forced into the nostril in the act of vomiting. 1 once had 
