350 
VATEL ON NASAL CATARRH. 
membrane is at first dry, hot, and red; very soon a secretion 
appears, at first aqueous, colourless, and limpid, falling by 
drops or in little streams. It becomes afterwards whiter, more 
consistent, more viscid, &c. Frequently the lymphatic glands 
of the jaw participate in the irritation; they swell, and sometimes 
suppurate. This affection frequently unites itself with bronchitis, 
gastritis, and gastro-enteritis, &c. It sometimes prevails epi- 
zootically. When resolution takes place, the disease runs its 
course in the space of fifteen or twenty days. When the 
irritation continues beyond that time, the affection is become 
chronic. 
The ordinary causes of this disease are those which tend to 
produce coldness of the skin and suppression of perspiration. 
The treatment of acute rhinitis in adult monodactyles consists 
in removing from the patient all the determining causes, by 
placing him in a warm temperature, recalling the perspiration 
by frictions, coverings, &c.; and calming the inflammation of 
the pituitary membrane by warm emollient fumigations, if it is 
not very intense, and by bleeding, spare diet, and the use of 
emollient drinks, if the fever is much developed, and particularly 
if the respiratory organs participate in the inflammation. 
C. In cases of strangles and very acute nasal catarrh, there 
frequently appears, on the surface of the pituitary membrane, 
ulcerations more or less extended, which may be considered as 
the result of an inflammation very intense (malignant strangles, 
and nasal catarrh), accompanied by debility and fever, and 
often associated with pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, &c. 
The severest antiphlogistic remedies are the only ones to be 
opposed to this disease, the characteristic symptoms and accom¬ 
paniments of which cannot be confounded with nasal phthisis , 
or with gangrenous affection of the nasal membrane, of which 
mention is made at the end of this article. 
D. . Chronic rhinitis is usually the consequence of acute 
rhinitis; sometimes, nevertheless, it arises spontaneously. 
In the first case, the inflammatory symptoms have almost en¬ 
tirely disappeared, but the running continues. The redness of 
the nasal membrane is often replaced by a paleness more or less 
marked; the matter which covers this mucous membrane gives 
it a shining appearance; the enlargement of the glands of the 
jaw becomes indolent; the irritation remaining, it usually deter¬ 
mines in alteration of the pituitary membrane, and the develop¬ 
ment of various morbid productions, such as scirrhus, encephaloid 
tumours, tubercles, &c., the presence of which constitute nasal 
phthisis . 
In the second case, when chronic rhinitis is developed spon- 
