GLANDERS IN SHEEP. 
353 
aromatic and vinous injections into the nostrils, &c. It is, un¬ 
fortunately, but too well known, that this disease is almost 
always, not to say constantly, mortal. It is with this as with 
many other affections; it is easier to be prevented by seeking to 
remove the causes which assist in developing it, than to conquer 
it when it is developed. 
RHINITIS IN DIDACTYLES. 
Rhinitis is as often found in didactyles, and especially in sheep. 
In the latter animals the runnings of mucous matter, some¬ 
times purulent, foetid, and accompanied by excoriations of the 
nostrils, have also been designated under the comprehensive 
name of glanders in sheep. These runnings are sometimes owing 
to simple or acute rhinitis, sometimes to acute or chronic rhino- 
bronchitis, and also to acute or more frequently to chronic 
pneumonia. 
The causes of simple and acute rhinitis are, heat and want 
of ventilation in the folds;—storms, rains, and coldness of the 
nights, when the animals are in the fields. Rhinitis is often 
the result of the introduction of the dust of the road traversed by 
these animals into the nasal cavities, and particularly in those 
which are taken to the fairs. 
The patients are continually snorting; the respiration becomes 
difficult; it is impeded by the introduction of foreign bodies into 
the nostrils of the sheep, already perfectly filled. The discharge 
is at first a transparent mucous fluid ; but it soon becomes 
thicker, and sticks to the edges of the nostrils, which it some¬ 
times obstructs. Frequently some streaks of blood are visible 
in the matter secreted by the nasal membrane. The rhinitis 
which proceeds from these causes generally ceases when they 
are withdrawn. 
Acute rhinitis is frequently caused by the inclemency of win¬ 
ter: it then, almost always, assumes a chronic form; and 
remains until the return of fine weather, which generally dissi¬ 
pates it. Nevertheless, in some cases the irritation continues ; 
the mucous membrane takes on a purulent greenish hue, and 
the discharge continues for a very long period. This disease 
seems to have no bad influence on the health of the animals, 
who usually seem otherwise in good condition. The snorting 
and the discharge from the nose are the only symptoms which 
attract the attention of the shepherds or farmers. Nevertheless 
many of the sheep rapidly lose flesh, and this denotes the exist¬ 
ence of pulmonary phthisis, or of other affections of a similar 
nature. 
