536 
ON THE INTELLECTUAL AND 
straw bed ; and when the dog was taken to the field, the unhar- 
monious lamentations of the goose for the absence of her friend 
were incessant. 
A raven was kept some years ago at the Red Lion, at Hun- 
gerford. He had been brought up with a dog, and the affection 
between them was mutual. After awhile, Ralph’s poor dog 
broke his leg; and during the time he was confined, the raven 
waited upon him, and carried him his food, and scarcely ever left 
him. One night, by accident, the stable door had been shut, and 
Ralph had been deprived of the company of his friend all night; 
but the ostler found in the morning the door so pecked away, 
that in another hour Ralph would have made his own entrance. 
Those associations which do not amount to friendship—those 
intercommunications of good offices in which it has been said 
that much of the duty, and, w ? e are sure, the greater part of the 
pleasure of life consists, are they confined to the lords of the 
creation ? Far from it. We will not go back to a state of nature, 
when mutual wants and natural weaknesses bind the little so¬ 
cieties or herds together ; w r e have something of this principle of 
mutual support in the domesticated state of our quadruped ser¬ 
vants. If a dog enters a park among cattle or deer, there is a 
general clustering of the herd, a common advance against the 
intruder. A strange dog approaching a flock of sheep is opposed 
by many a threatening front. We have never seen a flock of 
stupid geese feeding on a common, without observing one or 
more attentive sentinels; and, if w r e approached, being saluted 
by many a mingled hiss. 
But beside this common feeling of union, there is quite as 
much individual passing attachment as we see in the society of 
nobler beings. There is a constant exchange of sentiment and 
kindness, w 7 e may call it, between the fellow-labourers. At every 
pause in the work you see it; and when their task is accom¬ 
plished, you will see the companions at work, still associating; to¬ 
gether. We have never passed a field in which many horses are 
turned out, without stopping to look upon the one, or two, or 
three pairs, who are nibbling each other with every expression of 
mutual liking and pleasure : a couple of cow r s wTll stand hour 
after hour licking each other. These are moral qualities, are 
