68 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF IXODIDAE. 
PART I. DEALING WITH 
PAGE 
1. Ixodes putiis (Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) Neumann, 1899 . 74 
2. Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849 ...... 86 
3. Ixodes liexagonus Leach, 1815 . . . . . . 90 
4. Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Latreille, 1804 ... 91 
5. Haemaphyscdis leaclii (Audouin, 1827) Neumann, 1897 . 93 
6. Haemaphysails punctata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877 . 99 
7. Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758) Koch, 1844 . . 105 
8. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901 . . . Ill 
By GEORGE H. F. NUTTALL, F.R.S. 
{From the Quick Laboratory, University of Cambridge.) 
(With 2 Text-figures.) 
Introduction. 
The observations on the biology of ticks which form the subject of 
this paper were made in the course of the last few years in Cambridge. 
In several instances {Haemaphysatis leachi, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipi¬ 
cephalus appendicidatus), the ticks were raised in connection with 
experiments upon piroplasniosis in dogs and cattle. The main facts 
regarding some of the species of whose life histories this paper treats 
are already known: Ixodes ricinus for instance is dealt with in Ticks, 
Part II. pp. 294-315; Haemaphysalis leachi has been studied by Louns- 
bury and Nuttall; H. punctata by Nuttall, Cooper and Robinson, and 
more recently by Stockman; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus by Lounsbury; 
whilst Hyalomma aegyptium has received but little attention. In none 
of these cases are the published records of such a natui’e as to complete 
