Ct. H. F. Nuttall 
99 
In nature, this tick may doubtless run twice through its life cycle in 
a year. By the use of an incubatoi’, as first shown by Lounsbury, this 
author succeeded in raising three generations in a year. Taking 
average figures from my protocols of ticks raised under favourable 
conditions, the cycle may be completed in 153 days, as follows: 
Time required, 
iu days 
From the time egg is laid to emergence of larva 30 
Lai^'a hardens ... ... ... 7 
Larva stays on host ... ... ... 5 
Metamorphosis: Larva to Nymph ... ... 31 
Nymph hardens ... ... ... 7 
Nymph stays on host ... ... ... 5 
Metamorphosis : Nymph to Adult ... ... 15 
Adult hardens ... ... ... 7 
Adult S stays on host ... ... ... 12 
Gorged ? drops from host and waits before laying 4 
From the time egg is laid to emergence of larva 30 
153 days 
(Eggs at 20° C.) 
(Larvae at 17° C.) 
(Nymphs at 24° C.) 
(Eggs at 20° C.) 
HAEMAPHYSALIS PUNCTATA. 
The only authors who have occupied themselves with the biology of 
this species are the writer (1908) and Stockman (1911, pp. 23-32); 
a detailed study of the external anatomy has been published by Nuttall, 
Cooper and Robinson (1908). The hosts upon which the tick is found 
are listed in the last mentioned paper (p. 161). The species was first 
raised by me on hedgehogs, this animal having been found to serve as 
a host in nature. The rabbit was also used as a host. The tick occurs 
most commonly on sheep, and between 1902 and 1905 we received large 
numbers from Kent, especially from the districts surrounding Lydd and 
Canterbury. We have also received specimens found on goats and 
ferrets, but we have no record of its natural occurrence on cattle in 
England. It is interesting therefore that McFadyean and Stockman 
were able to transmit British redwater, due to Piroplasma divergens, to 
cattle by means of this tick, although it can but play a very unimportant 
part if any in transmitting the disease in Europe, Ixodes ricinus being 
certainly the chief vector. It was not until I visited the laboratory at 
Alperton that the authors just quoted knew the species of tick with 
which they were working. 
Stockman raised H. punctata upon the scrotum and ears, using cattle 
and sheep as hosts, the usual method of placing bags about the scrotum 
and ears being employed to recover the ticks as they dropped from the 
host. None of Stockman’s ticks were incubated during metamorphosis; 
7—2 
