102 
Biulogy of Ixodidae 
the majority droppiug off gorged after 13-21 days. Wheu placed on 
rabbits in June, at 17° C. they drop off gorged after 7-15 days. 
Nymphs, placed on hedgehogs at 20° C., all dropped off by day 12; 
at 11-13° C. they dropped off after 7-29 days; at 8° C. after 32-33 
days. 
Adults ($) remained upon the hedgehog at 12° C. for 14-18 days. 
Note :—Stockman (1911), who raised H. punctata on cattle and sheep, 
records that, 
Remain on host 
Average period 
Larvae 
4—12 days 
5— 9 days 
Nymphs 
4—17 
4—13 
Adults 
6—30 
9—22 
* 
Ill the protocols dealing 
Equ to Larva. 
The time recpiired for metamorphosis. 
with this section I include those of Stockman with my own: 
Observer 
Nuttall 
Stockman 
Date when first 
No. eggs were laid 
1 4. IV. 1905 
16/3 20. V. 1907 
Time required 
for meta- 
Date when first morphosis Tempera- 
larvae appeared (days) ture 
Remarks 
25. VI. 1905 
2. VIII. 1907 
82 
74 
38 
14° C. 
The shortest time observed. 
Larva to Nymph. 
Time required 
for meta- 
observer 
No. 
Date when larvae 
gorged on host 
Date when 
nymphs emerged 
morphosis Tempera- 
(days) ture 
Remarks 
Nuttall 
1 
26. XII. 1905 
8. V. 1906 
159 10° C. 
Host: hedgehog. 
J ) 
2 
1. I. 1906 
2. VI. 1906 
153 10° C. 
Stockman 
53 
30. VII. 1907 
15. III. 1908 
197 — 1 
32 
30. VIII. 1907 
29. IV. 1908 
242 
L Hibernation at outside tem- 
? 1 
33 
30. VIII. 1907 
30. IV. 1908 
243 — J 
[ perature. 
___ 
_ 
14 — 
The shortest time observed; 
Nymph to Adult. 
observer No. 
Date wheu nymphs 
gorged on host 
Time required 
for meta- 
Date when morphosis Tempera- 
adults emerged (days) ture 
the average time stated to 
be 16-29 days. 
Remarks 
Nuttall 
1 
10. VIII. 1905 
28. VIII. 1905 
18 Atroomtemp., Host; hedgehog. 
2 
8. xn. 1905 
13. I. 1906 
then at 30° C. 
duringlastSdays 
36 — Host: dog. 
» » 
3 
1. I. 1906 
17. IV. 1906 
107 9° C. 
Host: hedgehog. 
) ) 
4 
28. III. 1906 
14. IV. 1906 
17-26 Atroomtemp., ,, ,, 
Stockman 
26 
27. IX. 1907 
23. VII. 1908 
then at 30° C. 
during last 14 days 
229 — Hibernation at outside temp., 
a number survived winter 
but died without moulting. 
27 30. in. 1908 15. iv. 1908 
15 
7 
The shortest time observed. 
