104 
Biologj! of Ijcodidae 
temperature records iii his protocols; the only records with dates are 
the following : 
stockman 
No. 
Female dropped 
from host 
Eggs first Oviposition 
laid on commenced after 
16/3 12. XI. 1906 20. v. 1907 
16/4 12. X. 1906 15. ii. 1907 
189 days 
124 
5 » 
Stockman does not state how long oviposition lasts, but he says that 
the process may be interrupted with the onset of cold weather and 
resumed when the weather is warm. 
Simimary. 
Haeinapliysalts punctata seeks a host three times, feeding thereon in 
the larval, nymphal and adult stages. It readily attaches itself to the 
host 4-12 days after each ecdysis and is readily reared under experi¬ 
mental conditions upon hedgehogs, rabbits, sheep, cattle and ferrets. 
The larvae usually remain upon the host 4-7 days, although they may 
remain attached anywhere from 3 to 19 days. The nymphs usually 
remain attached for about a week, but this period of attachment may 
range from 4 to 33 days. Adult females remain attached for 6 to 
22 days, the longer stay upon the host is doubtless due to their waiting 
to be fertilized. Males and females both behave like those of H. leachi, 
q.v. My observations suggest that when a hedgehog (hibernating host) 
is maintained at a low temperature the larvae and nymphs remain 
somewhat longer upon the host than in warm weather. The time 
required for metamorphosis is governed by temperature being much 
prolonged by cold. The larvae may hatch from the egg after 38 days 
(Stockman’s shortest time) to 82 days (at 14° C., Nuttall); the nymphs 
may emerge after 14 days (Stockman’s minimum) to 159 days (at 10° C., 
Nuttall) or after as long a period as 243 days (Stockman’s maximum); 
the adults emerge after 7 to 229 days (Stockman’s minimum and 
maximum); my observations show a range of 17 days (at 30° C.) to 
107 days (at 9° C.). The longevity of the unfed tick is very marked ; 
the records of Stockman and the writer show that larvae may survive 
for 303 days, nymphs for 252 days, adults 255 days; all stages are 
therefore able to hibernate readily in this condition. The time which 
elapses between the dropping of the gorged female from the host and 
the commeiicement of oviposition is markedly inlluenced by temperature, 
ranging accordingly from 10 to 211 days (Stockman). Data are lacking 
as to the duration of oviposition and the number of eggs laid by single 
females. 
