ON CHOLERA IN DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 221 
The human being presents some little variety of symptoms 
in this disease. In some, cholera is so sudden in its attack, 
that the person is struck down, as it were, at once ; in others, 
there are premonitory symptoms which may exist even for some 
days. The collapse is ushered in by a coldness and shrink¬ 
ing of the features, which will in some degree correspond with the 
vomiting and diarrhoea. Excruciating pains in the bowels and 
cramps in the extremities also occur. The skin of the fingers and 
toes becomes blue, and the patient dies. 
The lungs are somewhat injected; the bronchial membrane 
vascular; the villous coat of the stomach softened, and perhaps 
reddened ; the mucous membrane of the small intestines present¬ 
ing an injected state of its arteries and veins ; the mucous coat 
softened, and, in some cases, small patches of ecchymosis. The 
membrane of the large intestines somewhat black in its appearance; 
and this may even occur throughout them all, especially in those 
cases w'hich have been cut off with the greatest rapidity: the peri¬ 
toneal coat of the intestines not much affected, but sometimes of 
a pink hue, from the blood shining through it. The large ves¬ 
sels, both in the thorax and abdomen, commonly more or less 
turgid w'ith blackblood ; and the veins of the brain and spinal 
cord full of the same kind- of blood. The urinary bladder is 
contracted, and the secretion of urine suspended; the matter 
which is thrown off both by purging and vomiting is like rice 
water, mixed sometimes with flakes of coagulated lymph, and in 
the intestines it is found sometimes bloody. 
Now I have stated that herbivorous animals are sometimes cut 
off in a somewhat similar manner. It is no unusual thing for a 
horse to be brought to a veterinary surgeon in the most intense 
agony. He has, perhaps, been seized within half an hour or an 
hour; he can scarcely be kept upon his legs a moment; he 
tosses himself down wherever he is for a moment allowed to 
stand ; knocks his head against the wall, or whatever comes 
in his way, as if, from the intensity of the agony under which 
he then suffers, he cared not for any other injury: a cold sweat 
pours from every pore; his eye is fixed, sunk, and glassy; 
his limbs are convulsed; he sobs, or rather snorts; and a few 
more convulsive spasms terminate his existence. In others the 
progress is not so rapid; perhaps the disease, instead of lasting 
only two or three hours, may, although rarely, continue during as 
many days. 
When a horse in the severer cases of the malady is first brought, 
the driver or groom generally complains that “ he is tioubled 
with a stoppage of his water,” and perhaps that “ he has passed 
some awfu’ like stuff wi’ his dung,” that is, it is covered with 
