468 MR. youatt’s veterinary lectures. 
the additional bulk of brain in the horse is composed of cineri- 
tioLis matter. Observe again these brains—that of the dog and 
of the sheep. The dog was not half the size of the sheep, and 
yet his brain is larger, although, if we examine the base of both, 
there is proportionally more medullary matter in the sheep than 
in the dog. Here again the additional bulk of brain is composed 
of cineritious substance. How different is the character of these 
animals! the sluggish stupid ox, and the intelligent horse; the 
silly sheep, and the intellectual companionable dog. I must not 
use decided language on such a subject; but the connexion 
between the cineritious part of the brain, and the intellectual 
principle, and that between the medullary portion and the mere 
animal principle, does seem, at least, highly probable. The latter 
is the medium through which the impression is conveyed, or the 
motion is effected : the former is the substance to which that 
impression is referred ; where it is received, registered, and com¬ 
pared ; and by which the operation of the motor nerves is influ¬ 
enced and governed : the one is providing materials to work 
upon, often rude and useless beyond the present moment—the 
latter is surveying and arranging them, and building up the fabric 
of intellectual and moral worth. 
The Prepo?idera?ice of Animal Power in Brutes .—The sub¬ 
stances of which the brain is composed are the same in all our 
patients, and in every vertebrated animal. They differ only in 
the mode of arrangement, and in their relative quantities. It is 
what we should expect, after experience has taught us that the 
difference between the human being and the brute, in intellectual 
and in moral worth, consists in degree and not in kind. The ani¬ 
mal portion of the brain preponderates in each : and in each with 
beautiful adaptation to the situation in which he is placed, and 
his connexion with man. Look once more at the olfactory 
nerve, bearing in development an invariable proportion to the 
necessity for acute scent, not only for the purposes of the animal 
individually, but of man. Observe this nerve in the horse, how 
large compared with that of the human being ; larger in the ox, 
who is not so much domesticated, and oftener sent into the field 
to shift for himself; larger still in the swine, w’ho is to search for 
a portion of his food buried under the soil, and immersed deeply 
in refuse and filth ; and largest of all in the dog, the acuteness 
of whose scent is so much connected with our pleasures. As we 
advance in our subject, the organic nerves will pass in review 
before us, and there we shall observe the same comparative dif- 
feience, both in those of the spine, and the deeper-seated gang¬ 
lia—the motor, and the secretory or chemical organic nerves: 
the worth of the horse depends upon his wind, and that of the. 
ox on his disposition to fatten. 
