286 MR. YOUATt’s VETERINARY" LECTURES. 
pleurae on either side, or even to patches on that pleura, whether 
pulmonary or costal. The inflammation of the lungs which oc¬ 
casionally accompanies rabies is characterized by a singular patchy 
appearance. That produced on the costal pleura, arising from 
violence or other causes, rarely reaches the pulmonary covering; 
and that which is communicated to the tunic of the lungs, by 
means of the intensity of the action within, does not often involve 
the costal pleura. In some cases, ho\yever, it affects both 
pleurae and both sides, and spreads rapidly from one to the 
other. 
Symptoms. —The principal knowledge of these, beside -svhat I 
have derived from personal observation, I owe to Mr. Field. 
The profession generally is much indebted to that excellent 
practitioner. Our continental neighbours appear, however, to be 
well acquainted with this disease, and Hurtrel d’Arboval gives a 
fair account of it, whose work, generally, will amply repay your 
perusal of it. The first symptom is rigor, followed by increased 
heat and partial sweats; to these succeed loss of appetite and 
of spirits, and a low and painful cough ; the inspiration is a short, 
sudden effort, and broken off before it is fully accomplished, indi¬ 
cating the pain felt from the distention of the irritable, because 
inflamed, membrane. This symptom is exceedingly character¬ 
istic. In the human being it is well expressed by the terra 
stitch, and an exceedingly painful feeling it is. The expiration 
is retarded, as much as possible, by the use of all the auxiliary 
muscles which the animal can press into the service ; and yet it 
also is at length cut short—it finishes abruptly in a kind of 
spasm.. This peculiarity of breathing, once carefully observed, 
cannot be forgotten. The next character is found ki the tender¬ 
ness of the sides when the costal pleura is affected. This tender¬ 
ness often exists to a degree scarcely credible. If you press upon 
the side, the horse will recede with a low' painful ^unt; he will 
tremble, and try to get out of the way before the hand touches 
him. Then ccmes another indication, both of pain and the re¬ 
gion of that pain ;—the intercostal muscles, affected by the con¬ 
tiguous pleura, and in their turn affecting the panniculus car- 
nosus without, there are twitching-s of the skin on the side— 
• ^ _ , 
corrugations—waves creeping over the integument. This is 
never seen in pneumonia. There is, however, as we may expect, 
the same disinclination to move, for every motion must give 
intense pain. 
Diff'erence hetiveen the Symptoms of Pleurisy and Pneu¬ 
monia. — Pulse. The pulse should be anxiously studied. It 
presents a difference of character sufficiently satisfactory. It is 
increased in rapidity, and instead of being oppressed, and some- 
