PLEURISY IN THE HORSE, CATTLE, AND DOGS. 287 
times almost unappreciable, it is round, full, and strong. Even 
at the last, when the strength of the constitution begins to yield, 
the pulse is wiry, although small. 
Temperature. —The extremities are never deathy cold; they 
may be cool, they are oftener variable, and they sometimes pre¬ 
sent increased heat. The body is far more liable to variations 
of temperature ; and the cold and the hot fit more frequently 
succeed each other. The mouth is not so hot as in pneumonia, 
and the breath is rarely above its usual temperature. 
The Membrane of the Nose. —A difference of character in the 
two diseases is here particularly evident. Neither the crimson 
nor the purple injection of pneumonia is seen ; but a some¬ 
what darker dingier hue, yet not to any great degree, is exhibi¬ 
ted on the membrane of the pleuritic horse. 
General Appearance and AcG’o//.-^Both the pneumonic and 
pleuritic horse will look at his flanks, pointing out the seat of dis¬ 
ease and pain; but the horse with pneumonia will turn himself 
more slowly round, and long and steadfastly gaze, at his side ; 
the action of the horse with pleurisy is more sudden, agitated, 
spasmodic. The countenance of the one is that of settled dis¬ 
tress, that of the other brightens up occasionally; the pang is 
severe, but it is transient-—there are intervals of relief. While 
neither will lie down or willingly move, and the pneumonic 
horse stands fixed as a statue, the pleuritic one shrinks and 
crouches,—crouches almost to falling. If he lies down, it is on 
the affected side, when the disease is confined to one side only. 
The head of the horse wdth inflammation of the substance of the 
lungs hangs heavily, that of the other is protruded*. 
Auscultation. —From this we derive most important assistance. 
In a case of pleurisy w^e have no crepitating crackling sound, 
• Gibson, the very best of our old writers on farriery, thus describes, 
although somewhat incorrectly, the symptoms of pleurisy. I give it, for it 
is almost the only account of pleurisy I can find among our authors. “ A 
pleurisy, which is an inllammation of the pleura, and a peripneumony, which 
is an inflammation of the lungs, have symptoms very much alike, with tins 
difference only, that in a pleurisy the horse shews great uneasiness, and 
shifts about from place to place. The fever, which at first is moderate, 
rises suddenly very high ; in the beginning he often strives to lie down, but 
starts up again immediately, and frequently turns his head towards the 
affected side, which has caused many to mistake a pleuritic disorder for 
the gripes. The horse’s ears and feet are always burning hot, his mouth 
parched and dry, his pulse hard and quick ; even sometimes, when he is 
nigh dying, his fever is continued and increasing ; and though in the begin¬ 
ning he makes many motions to lie do\Mi, yet afterwards he runs back as 
far as his collar will permit, and makes not the least offer to change his 
posture, but stands panting w ith short stops, and a disposition to cough till 
bo has relief, or drnps down,” 
