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Sj)irochaeta gallmarum 
which have led me to regard it as a distinct species, a finding to which 
I see Galli-Valerio (1911) objects and which I admit may yet be showm 
to be unjustified. I might have been able to say more about the cycle 
in the tick, for like Hindle, I have been studying the development in 
the eggs, but just as the results were becoming very interesting I had 
unfortunately to go to Cairo for Pasteur treatment and so lost a good 
six weeks. 
In other respects Hiudle’s results closely approximate to mine 
though some of his inoculation experiments do not appear to agree with 
what I have found in Khartoum. 
I turn finally to his remarks regarding my intra-corpuscular bodies, 
the condition I have recently termed the “ granule phase ” and which he 
discusses on p. 470. He admits that he has little personal knowledge 
of these curious inclusions and puts forward a perfectly legitimate 
hypothesis that they are the results of nuclear degeneration. One of 
his arguments in favour of this view is worded as follows : 
“ It is important to note that Balfour’s figures show that these bodies 
have exactly the same staining reaction as the nucleus of the red cell, 
and, moreover, are identical in appearance with the products of undoubted 
nuclear degeneration seen in normal fowls.” * 
If he had seen my paper in our Fourth Report before penning his 
article he would have found that this argument no longer holds. It is 
true, as might be expected, when Romanowsky staining is employed 
but with other stains it is not the case (vide PI. III. fig. 8). 
I long ago considered this question of nuclear degeneration. That 
it occurs I admit, for I have frequently seen extrusions of nuclear 
substance into the cytoplasm of the red cells. That my inclusions have 
anything to do with it I cannot believe and I think it is a pity that 
Hindle in his final paragraph on the subject (p. 469) should have 
changed hypothesis to fact and stated definitely that 
“ This nuclear degeneration seems to be a special feature of the fowl 
spirochaetosis occurring in the Sudan and in South Africa (Jowett), for 
it only rarely occurs in the blood of fowls infected with the strains of 
this disease from Brazil and Algeria respectively. With these latter 
strains of spirochaetosis the infected bird usually dies at the height of 
infection, or else recovers, and the infection rarely assumes the chronic 
form, necessary for the production of abundant nuclear degeneration of 
the red cells.” 
It is unfortunate that he did not see my later work for there I point 
out that it is the granule and not the spirochaete which enters the red 
