E. Hindle 
429 
distinguish two kinds of extra-nuclear granules, viz. chromatic, which are 
derived either from the kineto-nucleus or the axial filament, and 
granules of volutinose derived from the tropho-nucleus. 
For the sake of convenience the latter will be considered first, for 
they are an essential feature in the degeneration of the parasites. 
These granules have been shewn by Swellengrebel (1909) to consist of 
a substance allied to volutin, for which he has proposed the name 
“ volutinose.” 
The granules of volutinose appear bright red in dry films stained 
with Giemsa or Azur, and after treatment with Gi’am’s Iodine solution 
appear almost black. They are not stained with iron-haematoxylin, 
which thus constitutes an easy mode of distinguishing them from the 
chromatic granules. 
The volutinose is formed within the tropho-nucleus, probably as the 
result of chromatin degeneration, and by means of the above-described 
method (Gram’s Iodine etc.) it is possible to distinguish them amongst the 
chromatin granules in the tropho-nucleus. They are usually extruded 
from the anterior end of the nuclear membrane (fig. 29) and pass forward 
towards the anterior extremity in a longitudinal row (figs. 32—34). 
During the last stages of degeneration, however, the granules are 
given off from all parts of the nucleus (fig. 35) and may become 
irregularly scattered throughout the cell (figs. 42, 43). 
That these granules are merely the products of degeneration is 
most clearly demonstrated by comparing the percentage of trypanosomes 
containing them before and after treatment. In one case whereas before 
treatment only 5 “/o of the trypanosomes contained granules in the 
anterior region of the body, two hours after the injection 99‘5 % 
contained them. The percentage containing these granules also rises 
as the parasites become more numerous and consequently greater 
numbers of them are degenerating. 
The fact that the granules are almost invariably arranged in one or 
two longitudinal rows suggests that an axial filament may be present 
even when it is not visible. If one does not assume its presence, it is 
impossible to explain the fact that the granules are so often arranged 
in a longitudinal row extending from the tropho-nucleus to the anterior 
extremity, two rows being present when the axial filament has divided 
(figs. 37—39). 
Further evidence in supjoort of the view that the volutinose 
granules are arranged along an axial filament is afforded by the 
appearance of dividing forms. The axial filament usually divides at 
28—2 
