320 
Piroplasmosis 
Trypanblue exerts the same effect on cattle and horses suffering from 
P. bovis and P. cahalli infection ; it has proved of value in practice 
in the treatment of horses and cattle, the dose being 100-150 c.c. of 
the solution. 
Trypanblue has no effect upon the parasites of East Coast fever, 
and I have no satisfactory records of its having been tried upon the 
other parasites I have described. 
Under the inHueuce of trypanblue (Fig. 14) Piroplasma rapidly 
degenerates and the parasites can no longer be discovered microscopically 
in the blood. The fever and haemoglobinuria cease, and the animals 
recover from the other clinical manifestations of piroplasmosis. The 
animals continue, however, to tiarbour the parasites in their blood for 
years, as can be shown by inoculation into clean animals—in other 
words, the animals recover in the vast majority of cases from the acute 
disease, and, especially in dogs, are “ salted ” like the animals that 
recover in nature. Whereas untreated dogs usually die, the treated 
animals usually recover. 
I may note that the inoculation of cattle is commonly employed with 
the object of obtaining “salted” animals which are, naturally, more 
valuable than the “ unsalted,” in that they resist reinfection when 
exposed in endemic areas. 
The efforts at prevention have been directed against the ticks which 
transmit the parasites and their transportation from place to place by 
their hosts. They consist in the use of dips, most of which contain 
arsenic, in which the animals, especially cattle, are immersed at intervals 
of a few days or a week or more. Where there are no forests to be 
endangered, the burning of the dry surface vegetation has been found of 
some use in destroying the ticks which infest the pasture lands, and, 
finally, the removal of cattle for a period from infested pastures leading 
to the starving out of the ticks (especially Boophilus) has been found of 
use. 
The preventive measures have to be based upon a knowledge of the 
life-histories of the ticks which transmit the parasites, and where the}' 
have been feasible and have been carried out intelligently they have been 
of great benefit ; large tracts of country in the United States, Australia 
and Africa having been rendered almost tick-free by these rneasure.s. 
