A. CtOOdall 
67 
to P. caballi but not to A. equi. It must be confessed that the writer 
has never made any distinction in the shape or structure of the 
parasites, chiefly owing to the difficulties encountered in obtaining 
satisfactory smears, but he considers that the above statements are 
strong evidence in support of his view. 
As the writer has never seen a description of the clinical symptoms 
of piroplasmosis caused by P. caballi perhaps the following brief 
account of a typical case of whatever disease these donkeys were 
suffering from, may prove of interest. 
The first noticed sign is that the affected animal is seen standing 
in a dejected attitude with drooping ears and does not graze with the 
rest of the troop. When examined the mucous membranes are seen 
to be very pallid (not jaundiced as in the horse), the temperature 
ranges from 103°-10o° F. or over, the urine is very discoloured 
(stout-coloured) aud the animal has a general appearance of lassitude, 
depression and weakness. From the above description it will be seen 
that “biliary fever” is a distinct misnomer for this disease in the 
donkey, but it must also be borne in mind that the so-called biliary 
fever of the mule, when caused by N. eqtti, also gives rise to pallid 
mucous membranes and not the bile injected condition seen in the 
horse. 
The writer from the first has employed Trypanblue for this disease 
in donkeys with excellent results, the dose used being loOc.c. of a 2 
solution intravenously for an adult animal, and feels that the lives of 
many of these useful little beasts have probably been saved which 
would have almost certainly been lost without the treatment. 
South African Redwater in Cattle (Piroplasma bigeminum). 
The writer has had few opportunities of testing the efficacy of the 
drug in the field in this disease, chiefly because cattle affected with the 
malady under ordinary South African conditions are generally almost 
in extremis before they are noticed to be ill. He has, however, had 
excellent results in a few cases, where it has been used to control a 
violent reaction with an artificially induced infection in imported cattle 
(protective inoculation). 
Typical Case. Subject. Imported Friesland Bull, eighteen months 
old. 
Injected with redwater and anaplasmosis blood obtained from 
Veterinary Research Laboratory, Pretoria. On the fourteenth day after 
5—2 
