92 
Equine Biliary Fever 
P. cahalli. The animal was discharged cured after medicinal treatment 
on February 1913. 
Siibinoculation experiment: before this animal left the Hospital an 
aged C. B. pony, was inoculated with 10 c.c. of blood of Case 9, but with 
negative results. 
It may be mentioned here that all the animals used for subinocula¬ 
tion experiments were past work and were sent to the Hospital to be 
destroyed. It w^as only possible to carry on experiments upon such 
animals which had evidently been a long time in the country and 
probably owed their seeming insusceptibility to the fact that they were 
already infected. 
Nuttalliosis seems to be a more severe form of infection than Piro-. 
plasmosis, and relapses are likely to occur in the former disease. The 
latter takes a mild course and is more amenable to treatment. One 
chai'acteristic feature noticed in fatal Nuttalliosis is that the bright red 
spots seen on the conjunctival mucous membrane alter to blotches, and 
after a few days may coalesce to form large patches. On the other 
hand in some cases of Piroplasmosis a few bright red petechial spots 
occur on the conjunctiva, but these red spots have no tendency to 
increase in size and change in colour as they do in cases of Nuttalliosis. 
Theiler (1906) working with equine piroplasmosis in South Africa 
states that in cases of recovery from the first attack of biliary fever 
(Nuttalliosis?) a second attack is usually observed during which the 
parasite is less frequently found than in the first attack, and also that 
the parasites change in shape, usually assuming the leaf form. Mr Rice’s 
horse (Case 2, Nuttalliosis) above referred to, after being discharged on 
27th January 1913, was readmitted on 12th March 1913, with what 
was clinically the same disease, but which turned out to be a mild 
attack, readily passing off in the course of seven or eight days. The 
four horses (Cases 4-7 Nuttalliosis) belonging to the General Post 
Office were other cases which come under the same category. These 
animals had repeated attacks of fever. The organisms were demonstrable 
in the blood, but were scanty and somewhat modified in form. One of 
the animals was under treatment for quite a long time at the beginning 
of the year 1913. 
In the article on equine biliary fever in India by Jolliffe (1907) the 
writer does not seem to agree with the statement of Pallin (1905) that 
the death i-ate from this cause is low and that the disease has a tendency 
towards recovery. Julliffe’s experience indicates that in a .single out¬ 
break he liad a mortality of over 35'’/u. It is probable that both these 
