102 
Ticl; Paralysis 
That the cases herewitli reported are sufficieut to warrant investiga¬ 
tion by the Department of Entomology, and are worthy of mention in 
North-west medical literature.” 
Remarks upon the foregoinOx records. 
(1) Tick paralysis in Sheej). 
The paper by Mally (1904), cited by Hadwen, and that of 
Borthwick (1905), here abstracted, attribute a disease called “Tick 
paralysis” in sheep in Cape Colony to the auimals being attacked by 
Ixodes pilusus Koch. Both authors state that farmers in Cape Colony 
have no doubt whatever as to the bearing of the tick upon the affection;, 
the use of Cooper’s dip has served to check the disease in paralysis 
flocks and to prevent the affection in animals exposed in localities 
where it prevails. The disease has a seasonal incidence, it is acute in 
its onset, recovery occurs rapidly in most cases. Fever is absent, and 
the disease is not communicable by blood inoculation. Recovery is 
hastened by the removal of the ticks. In animals that have died from 
the disease no noticeable pathological lesions are observable. 
In the absence of further data, these observations which I have thus 
briefly epitomised, could not be regarded as more than merely suggestive. 
The important paper by Hadwen {Parasitology, vi, 283) has, however, 
thrown much light upon the subject. He not only observed a practically^ 
identical disease in sheep in British Columbia, but he reproduced it 
experimentally by means of ticks {Dermacentor venustus Banks). 
(2) Tick Paralysis in Man. 
That a similar affection appears to occur in other auimals in British 
Columbia has been indicated already by Hadwen {Parasitology, VI, 285), 
and Hadwen and Nuttall {Ibid., p. 298) reproduced the disease in a dog 
in Cambridge, in July, 1913, the ticks {D. venustus) having been 
collected, 5, Vl. 1913, from the human subject in the mountains near 
Nelson, British Columbia. Hadwen (p. 295) quotes Todd (1912) with 
regard to cases of tick paralysis occurring in five children and one adult 
in British Columbia, it being assumed that D. venustus was the “ tick ” 
concerned ; he also cites Eaton (1913) with regard to a case in a child 
in Australia (tick undetermined); the latter author, moreover, quotes 
cases which have been reported from that country by Cleland. 
Since we have been able to reproduce tick paralysis experimentally 
there can no longer be any doubt as to the existence of this disease. 
