4 
ANIMAL PATHOLOGY. 
separation of the whole is complete, including the tongue, a con¬ 
siderable portion of the buccal membrane, the pharynx, the la¬ 
rynx, the windpipe, and the gullet. I now commence my exami¬ 
nation anteriorly. 
The Tojtgue .—In every case of dumb madness, the unfailing 
accompaniment of which is paralysis to a greater or less degree 
of the muscles of the lower jaw and of the tongue, this organ 
is discoloured and swelled. Hanging constantly from the 
mouth, more blood than usual is deposited in the anterior and 
now inferior portion of it. The colour varies from a dark red to 
a dingy purple, or almost a perfect black. In ferocious madness 
the tongue is usually torn or bruised, or it is discoloured by the 
dirt and filth with which it has been brought into contact; and, 
not unfrequently, its anterior portion is coated with some dis¬ 
gusting matter. The papillae on the dorsum of the tongue, both 
the lenticular and the pyramidal, are elongated and widened, 
and their mucous membrane evidently reddened. Sometimes 
the injection of the mucous membrane at the base of the papillae, 
over nearly the whole of the dorsum of the tongue, is very evi¬ 
dent. The lenticular papillae have occasionally been enlarged to 
an extraordinary degree, participating in the general inflammation 
of the dorsum ; at other times they have preserved their natural 
appearance while inflammation has spread around. 
The Sublingital Glands, or rather the orifices of the sublingual 
gland, are frequently enlarged, particularly as they take their 
course along the frgenum of the tongue. The enlargement of 
these orifices, or perhaps the obliteration of the orifice itself, 
from engorgement of the terminating portion of the duct, has 
})robably been mistaken in Italy and Greece for the formation of 
minute vesicles or tumours on either side of the freenum, and 
supposed to be indicative of inoculation with the virus of rabies. 
Dr. Maroschetti, and M. Magistal, of Boulay, have favoured the 
public with along account of these pustules. They appear from 
the third to the ninth day after the bite. The mouth must be 
often examined, for they seldom continue more than twenty-four 
hours, except they assume a tubercular character, when evident 
traces of them are left after the death of the animal. 
M. Magistal gives a long account of the various characters of 
these pustules. One species of them he terms the crystalline ; 
they are projecting, rounded, of the size of a hempseed, and 
contain a limpid fluid. They are seated on the superficies or 
the inferior surface of the tongue. Others opaque, flattened, 
about the size of a lentil, brownish, and not transparent. These 
aie found on or near the frmnum, or they penetrate into the infe¬ 
rior surface of the tongue. 
