H.EMATUllIA (ACUTE RED-WATER) IN CATTLE. 133 
I used to think that, on opening the dead body, I should find 
considerable lesions of the tissue of the heart, the kidneys, and 
the organs designed for the excretion of urine. I thought that I 
should find some traces of inflammation in the fourth stomach and 
the intestines, especially in a cow that, in the course of her illness, 
exhibited evident symptoms of cerebral disease. In this case I 
have found the cellular tissue surrounding the bladder infiltrated 
with a mingled green and bloody serosity. The fourth stomach, 
in a great number of animals that I have opened, did not present 
the least redness. Occasionally in the third stomach there is 
some exceedingly hard and dry food—the epithelium, which lines 
the leaves of the maniplus, as is the case in many diseases, is 
torn from the coat beneath in the attempt to separate them. All 
the tissues, and particularly the muscular tissue, are white and 
bloodless. The kidneys are pale : occasionally there is a little 
blood contained in their pelvis. The bladder is generally empty, 
or, now and then, contains a small quantity of bloody urine. The 
mucous membrane of the bladder, although otherwise sound, 
sometimes participates in the general discolouration. The tissue 
of the heart is soft; its cavities contain small clots of blood, and 
the larger vessels are almost empty. 
Young animals—well-fed oxen—bulls that are too early em¬ 
ployed in the work of reproduction—animals that pass from the 
valley to the mountain, and those that, under the influence of 
change of regimen, speedily acquire condition, are most disposed 
to this disease. 
The occasional causes are the sudden access of sultry weather 
—pasturage in abundant after-math—the eating down of green 
oats, or barley, colewort, or charlock, or wild mustard, or ground- 
ivy, or, finally, feeding on the young shoots of elm, red cornel- 
berry, hawthorn, maple, privet, hazel-nut tree, the oak, and 
resinous trees. 
Some have said that these animals sometimes swallow can- 
tharides by pasturing along the privet-hedges, and drinking in 
marshy places shaded by the ash. We have many cantharides 
in our country, but I never heard of any harm produced by 
them. The smell which they exhale, and the excrement which 
covers the grass beneath the trees which they inhabit, are suffi¬ 
cient to prevent animals from pasturing there ; besides which, 
they are never found under the tree. As to their poisoning the 
water, I have placed them under water for more than twenty 
minutes at a time, and they were not injured. 
Colchicum, ranunculi, the marsh marigold, the mercurialis, 
plants more or less injurious, have also been accused of producing 
haematuria ; nevertheless, we have seen, and vve every dav see. 
