012 
THE VETERINARY SCHOOL 
that which is, according to Gunther, the principal cause of roar- 
ing,—a considerable wasting of the muscles of the right side of 
the anterior portion of the larynx. Both the laryngeal nerves 
on this side were, however, only slightly affected, and not visibly 
altered in structure. 
A blister-like Eruption on the Mucous Membrane of the 
Mouth. —A six-year-old grey Wallachian horse, which had suf¬ 
fered some time under a generally prevailing bilious disorder, 
had an eruption of yellow blisters over the whole of the mucous 
membrane of the mouth ; a considerable number of circular ex¬ 
coriations appeared, from which exuded a yellow lardaceous 
substance, so that the whole surface appeared to be covered 
with pustules. Although these threatened for a time to assume 
a serious character, yet, by the use of emetic tartar, &c., they 
were gradually got rid of. 
Black Aphtha on the Mucous Membrane of the Stomach and 
small Intestine —In several out of the many pigs that died in 
this year of quinzy were found — besides the usual appearances 
after death from this disease—a yellow watery fluid in the me¬ 
diastinum, on the surface of the heart, and in one or the other of 
the lungs. Also, on the mucous membrane of the stomach and 
small intestine were a great number of black spots of unequal 
size, in the neijihbourhood of which the mucous membrane was 
destroyed or softened. These ecchymoses very much resembled 
those black spots which are seen in the stomachs of dogs that 
have died rabid. 
Fistula in the Lower Jaw. —In order to remove these carious 
affections of the alveolar cavities of the lower jaw, it is always 
necessary to extract the root of the diseased molar tooth. The 
expeiiments made on useless horses, as to the possibility of 
extracting the back teeth w'ith a well-constructed English key, 
have always been followed by fracture of the tooth in the jaw. 
Palsy of the Tongue. —An eight-year-old black horse was 
brought to us to be examined, who had, for the last fourteen 
days, been observed to feed in a very peculiar way. When he had 
seized his food with his lips and teeth, he shook his head violently, 
and appeared to have great difflculty in getting it between his 
back teeth, or on the tongue. On a close examination it ap¬ 
peared that an imperfect palsy of the tongue had been produced 
by a simple four-cornered bit, and that this was the cause of his 
strange way of eating. By removing the external cause of the 
disease the evil soon disappeared. 
Obstruction of the Nasal Passages. —The respiration of a 
twelve-year-old brown cart horse, that had, in the early part 
of the year, suffered from bilious catarrhal fever, became gradually 
