C. M. Wenyon 
287 
disappearance of the scarification wound and the appearance of a sore 
in about two months at the point of inoculation. Inoculation at one 
spot does not produce sores at any other. 
B. Examination of the loiuei- animals for signs of the 
disease and inocidation of these from man. 
Dogs. The commonest domestic animal brought into close associa¬ 
tion with man in Bagdad is the dog, which lives in a semi-wild 
condition in the streets and feeds on the refuse thrown out from the 
houses. Since in North Africa the dogs have been shown by C. Nicolle 
and C. Comte to harbour the parasite of infantile Kala azar, it was 
thought that dogs in Bagdad might in the same manner harbour the 
parasite of the Bagdad sore. There is moreover a general opinion that 
the dogs suffer from the sore about the nose or eyes. Cases of dogs 
with these supposed sores on the nose I had some difficulty in finding, 
as they were not nearly so common as they were said to be. Several 
cases were discovered, but unfortunately in none of these could the 
parasite be found. One large dog had a condition of the legs which 
was said to be the sore, but repeated examination of this failed to 
reveal the parasite. All the cases were in pet dogs living in private 
houses. The lesion on the noses of most of the dogs examined did not 
resemble the sore in man. They were more of a papillomatous nature 
and much harder to the touch than the true sore. They did not show 
signs of ulceration. In one small dog I saw a condition of the nose 
reminding one much more of the true sore. This was an ulcer scabbed 
over. The ulcer when I saw it had been in existence nine or ten 
months. Unfortunately, I was unable to examine this dog, which was 
also a pet in the house of an English resident. 
Recently the authorities of Bagdad have followed the example 
of those of Constantinople in taking steps to exterminate the dogs 
from the streets. Accordingly, all street dogs have been collected and 
herded together in an enclosure in the desert where they are kept in 
a condition even less sanitary than that in which they lived before. 
Amongst these dogs there was a great mortality owing to lack of food, 
and I obtained permission from the authorities to perform autopsies on 
the dogs that died. I performed autopsies on a series of one hundred 
and ten dogs which I examined carefully for any signs of the sore 
about the nose or eyes. Where any ulceration occurred smears w'ere 
made from scrapings of the sore. These smears together with portions 
Parasitology iv 19 
