C. M. Wenyon 
291 
atmosphere seems to have a deleterious effect upon them. When the 
temperature is not so high the flies abound and are constantly 
swarming about the faces of the children and more especially those 
made attractive by the sore. Such flies collected from the face of 
a child suffering from an ulcerating type of sore are found to have the 
intestine filled with the exudation of the sore in which the parasites 
can readily be found. This was only to be expected, as any fly feeding 
on the sore is bound to take up large numbers of parasites. Such a fly 
feeding immediately afterwards upon some fresh abrasion of the skin 
must certainly in a number of instances inoculate the sore parasite. 
On carrying out the dissection of house-flies, one was not surprised 
to find that a certain percentage of these had an intestinal infection of 
Herpetomonas. In some instances these appeared to be Herpetomonas 
muscae domesticae ] in others there occurred a smaller flagellate, also of 
the Herpetomonas type. In a certain number of flies the malpighian 
tubes were infected with flagellates which were of the trypanosome 
type with the kinetonucleus on the non-flagellar side of nucleus. A 
description of these flagellates will be found in another section. 
W'hether these various flagellates represent different stages of one 
parasite of the fly is a point difficult to settle, unless one undertakes 
special experimental work to this end. The smaller forms of herpeto- 
mones from their resemblance to the cultural forms of the Leishman- 
Donovan bodies might readily be taken for similar developmental forms 
in the gut of the fly. Judging from experiments conducted with 
house-flies it is improbable that the Herpetomonas are related to 
Leishniania. The intestine of the fly was filled with all kinds of debris 
intermingled with bacteria of many kinds. 
Stomoxys. From the time of my arrival in Bagdad in March till the 
hot weather had set in in June, these flies occurred in fair numbers, 
especially in the neighbourhood of the stables. They often settled upon 
one and were mistaken for house-flies till the pricking of the proboscis 
revealed their nature. They would frequently bite about the ankles, 
especially through dark socks. With the advent of the really hot 
w'eather these flies almost completely disappeared and could rarely be 
discovered even in the stables, their favourite haunt. The laboratory 
where these investigations were conducted was situated directly opposite 
a stable, and here during the cooler months it was an easy matter to 
capture forty or fifty of these flies in a very short time. During the 
hot months of July, August apd September, a wdiole morning’s search 
would fail to yield a single specimen. 
