•292 
Oriental Sore 
Tliese Hies feed naturally upon the horses, Houheys, and mules, so 
that blood from these animals is found in their intestines. Filaria 
larvae were often encountered, and occasionally in the hind gut a flagel¬ 
late of the Herpetomonas type. Stomoxys occasionally was caught 
feeding on the faces of children with sores, but in no instance were 
the parasites found in the intestine of such flies. 
Hij)j)ohoscidae. Flies belonging to this group are to be found com¬ 
monly on the horses. Another species is constantly present on the 
dogs, where it lies concealed in the fur till disturbed, when it will leave 
its host, or fly to hide on some other part of the body. These dog flies 
will bite human beings, but this is an uncommon occurrence. I was 
bitten only on two occasions though I lived in close association with 
a number of dogs, all of which had many of these flies about them. 
Numbers of the flies were dissected from time to time, but none of 
these were found to be infected with flagellates. 
Tahanidae. Flies belonging to this groirp I have not encountered 
in Bagdad, but I have seen one taken a mile or two out of the town. 
Fleas. Fleas are a great pest, and especially at a certain season of 
the year which is popularly known as the flea season. They occur in 
greatest numbers in the month or two before the commencement of the 
summer season of intense heat. They are constantly on one’s person 
during these months and ai’e a continual worry to anyone who is sus¬ 
ceptible to the irritating substances they inject. Dissection of fleas has 
not revealed any flagellate infection. If fleas are responsible for the 
transmission of the sores as Basile finds they are for canine leishmaniosis 
then with an incubation period of two months the greatest number of 
sores should apjjear in June or July. This is not so however as the 
greatest number of sores appear in tbe autumn. 
Body lice. These are found commonly on the bodies and clothes of 
the dirty portion of the Bagdad population, and many were dissected 
without result. 
Ticks. Ticks are found on practically all the domestic animals. 
They however rarely attack man. The dogs in the streets are usually 
covered with them. Dissections of these ticks taken from dogs have 
disclosed no flagellates but on several occasions a larval Filaria, probably 
Filaria immitis, was found in the gut and frequently the developmental 
stages of the leucocytic haemogregariue of the dog, a description of 
which will be found below in another section. 
Bed Bags. These occur in Bagdad, but in no great numbers. They 
can usually be obtained fiirly early in the prison where they hide in 
