LIVINGSTONE'S SECOND JOURNEY. 197 
tions were to extend the knowledge already attained of the geography 
and mineral and agricultural resources of Eastern and Central ‘Africa; 
to improve their acquaintance with the inhabitants, and to endeavor to 
engage them to apply themselves to industrial pursuits and to the culti¬ 
vation of their lands wih a view to the production of raw materials to 
be exported to England in return for British manufactures. Their first 
object was to explore the Zambesi, its mouths and tributaries, with a 
SLAVES AND THEIR HARDSHIPS. 
view to their being used as highways for commerce and Christianity to 
pass into the vast interior of Africa. They entered the River Luawe 
first, because its entrance is so smooth and deep that the vessel could 
easily go in without a boat sounding ahead. Here the Ma-Robert was 
screwed together, and launched as the proper vessel for these coast 
explorations. 
They found the Luawe unnavigable at a short distance above its 
mouth, by reason of the vegetable matter in the channel; after ascend- 
