FALLOWING. -63 
refined and lightened, the wheels taken off, and made 
to cut the ground with a more acute angle, they are 
thus neat light tools not overloading the team by their 
weight. Mr. K. has adopted a mode of ploughing in 
some cases, which he has seen in Hertfordshire, called 
hacking, the object of which is to lay the land level. It 
can only be practised on loose, or broken soil; in this 
mode the horses go twice along the same furrow, once 
to push the land side of the furrow a little into the 
unploughed land, and then back again to turn it into 
the thus opened furrow ; the ploughed land is thus 
left in small ridges from twelve to fourteen inches 
asunder, with small hollows between, and when har¬ 
rowed across becomes almost perfectly level, more so 
than if done by a turn-wrest plough. This land will 
bear to lay perfectly level, as it wants no water fur¬ 
rows. A little hindrance is occasioned by this method, 
instead of an acre, two horses only plough three quar¬ 
ters of an acre per day. Mr. Knight is introducing an 
improvement by using cast iron shares, which he be¬ 
lieves will answer, both in execution and economy. 
A new share weighing eight pounds will cost Is. or 
12s. per dozen, and when worn down they are worth 
half the money to recast; this, he believes, will be 
cheaper than new pointing and repairing common 
plough shares. 
2. FALLOWING. 
A complete summer fallow for wheat on enclosed 
land is only resorted to occasionally, or upon cold wet 
lands, where it is supposed at times indispensable. 
All lands that are adapted for turnips are cleaned when 
I foul 
