304 
COMMON FIELDS AND WASTES. 
The improvement of these must, I suppose, be pre¬ 
ceded by subdivision and enclosure, yet I cannot but 
think, that improvements might be made in the com¬ 
mon field system in their present state ; drainage might 
be effected under the influence of the owners of the 
land; an earlier and better management of fallows 
might be adopted ; the system of crop and fallow, and 
that of 1. Fallows, 2, Wheat, 3. Beans, should be al¬ 
tered ; and the land should have occasional rest under 
seeds pastured. Respecting the waste lands, little hope 
can be entertained of their improvement under the 
present order of things, without subdivision and en¬ 
closure. 
ORCHARDS. 
The clearing fruit trees of misletoe, and cutting them 
down when past bearing for some useful purpose, as 
well as to clear the land, seem very obvious improve¬ 
ments ; yet many old and useless trees are suffered to 
grow, and others to be overrun with that parasitical 
weed. The raising of new varieties of superior kinds 
of fruit, or extending the culture of the best kinds al¬ 
ready known, seem objects of great importance. If all 
the cyder and perry now produced, were equal, in qua¬ 
lity, to that from the stire and squash fruit, their value 
would be increased three or four-fold; and, if the 
quantity 
