Gf. H. F. Nuttali 
45 
comment. A great decrease in the number of deaths is observable 
in succeeding decades or groups of years in the case of some countries. 
No doubt this decrease coincided with a fall in the number of vermin- 
infested persons in the population, coupled with a better standard 
of living. 
Deaths from Typhus Fever recorded in Various Countries 
Condensed from Low (1916, 
pp. 32—86). 
England and Wales 
1869-83 
1884-98 
1899-1913 
(15 yrs) 
(15 yrs) 
(15 yrs) 
23,702 
2,249 
390 
Scotland 
1865-74 
1875-84 
1885-94 
1895-1904 
1905-14 
(10 yrs) 
(10 yrs) 
(10 yrs) 
(10 yrs) 
(10 yrs) 
5,547 
2,693 
818 
308 
147 
Ireland 
1869-83 
1884-98 
1899-1913 
(15 yrs) 
(15 yrs) 
(15 yrs) 
11,544 
4,703 
1,043 
Italy . 
... 1887-1900 
1901-14 
(14 yrs) 
(14 yrs) 
13,909 
1,514 
Galicia 
... 1895-1904 
1905-12 
(10 yrs) 
(8 yrs only) 
5,592 
2,181 
Germany 
1886-95 
1896-1905 
1906-10 
(10 yrs) 
(10 yrs) 
(5 yrs only) 
302 
81 
19 
Russian Empire 
... 1905-11 
(7 yrs) 
European Russia 
... 45,533 
Poland 
1,126 
The Caucasus 
1,546 
Siberia 
681 
Rest of Asiatic Russia 327 
Total 
... 49,213 
Mexico City ... ... 1893-1913 
(21 yrs) 
14,758 
With the advent of the war, history repeats itself, classical 
examples being afforded by experiences in Serbia and Germany. German 
authors are unanimous in attributing epidemic typhus in their country 
to the entry of Russian prisoners who were largely verminous, and when 
they were mercilessly herded together with prisoners from other 
